Dr. August Bones

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Dr. August Bones

Dr. August Bones

@Ausbones

Dad | Polymath | Immunologist | Academic | Nurse Scientist #Immunology #Oncology #Microbiology #Pathology #Panomics #Immunochemistry #MedSurg #PublicHealth

Rivendell, Eastern Eriador Katılım Aralık 2009
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Dr. August Bones
Dr. August Bones@Ausbones·
LXXVI: The Chronicles of Professor Tsugua Senob and the Cell That Killed Without Seeing The lecture began with a murder mystery. Professor Tsugua walked into the room and wrote only one sentence on the board. A cell was killed without ever being recognized. He put the marker down. “Who did it?” Musa smiled. “Professor, this sounds like pathology, not immunology.” Tsugua shook his head. “This is immunology at its finest.” The room settled. Aisha closed her laptop. Fatima leaned forward. Sadiq uncapped his pen. “Tell me,” Tsugua began, “how does a CD8 T cell identify its target?” “Peptide presented on MHC Class I,” Aisha answered. “Correct.” “So if MHC Class I disappears?” “CD8 T cells cannot recognize the infected cell.” “Excellent.” Tsugua paused. “So the pathogen wins?” “No,” Sadiq replied cautiously. “Why are you uncertain?” “Because I suspect that's another trap.” The class laughed. “It is.” Tsugua wrote three words. The Missing-Self Hypothesis The room became quiet. “Viruses have evolved ways to reduce MHC Class I expression.” “Why?” “To escape CD8 T cells,” Fatima answered. “Correct.” “So the infected cell has become invisible to cytotoxic T lymphocytes.” He paused. “But evolution is rarely that simple.” He drew a large circle. Inside it he wrote: NK Cell “Natural Killer cells.” He looked around. “Unlike T cells...” “They do not require antigen specificity.” “They do not undergo thymic selection.” “They do not wait for clonal expansion.” Musa interrupted. “So how do they know whom to kill?” Tsugua smiled. “They don't ask…” 'Who are you?' “They ask…” 'Why are you hiding?' The room became silent. He drew two cells. One expressed normal MHC Class I. The other did not. “The healthy cell says…” 'Everything is normal.' “The NK cell walks away.” He pointed to the second cell. “The infected cell has lost MHC Class I.” “The inhibitory signal disappears.” “The NK cell attacks.” Aisha smiled. “So the absence of a signal becomes the signal.” Tsugua looked at her. “Exactly.” “That single idea changed immunology.” Fatima frowned. “So NK cells recognize what is missing…” “…rather than what is present?” “Yes.” The room became quiet. “That,” Tsugua said, “is one of the most elegant surveillance systems in biology.” He continued. “Imagine an airport.” “Passengers walk through security.” “Most show passports.” “They continue.” “One passenger refuses to produce identification.” The room smiled. “Security becomes interested…” “Not because of what he presented…” “But because of what he failed to present.” Sadiq nodded. “Missing self.” “Exactly.” Musa raised his hand. “So viruses reduce MHC Class I…” “…to escape CD8 T cells…” “…but in doing so…” “…they attract NK cells.” “Precisely.” Tsugua smiled. “This is called an evolutionary trade-off.” “Escape one arm of immunity…” “Reveal yourself to another.” Aisha asked, “Professor, then why don't viruses simply keep MHC Class I?” “Because CD8 T cells would eliminate them.” “And why don't they remove it completely every time?” “Because NK cells would eliminate them.” He paused. “So what do many viruses do?” Fatima answered. “They produce MHC-like decoys.” Tsugua nodded appreciatively. “Yes.” “Cytomegalovirus is a beautiful example.” “It decreases genuine MHC Class I presentation while expressing molecules that engage inhibitory NK receptors.” The room fell silent. Musa laughed. “So the virus lies to both sides.” “Exactly.” Tsugua stepped away from the board. “Never think of immunity as two armies.” “It is an intelligence network.” “When one sensor fails…” “Another begins watching.” “When one pathway is bypassed…” “Another compensates.” He paused. “This is why redundancy is one of the defining principles of immunology.” Sadiq looked thoughtful. “So innate and adaptive immunity are not competitors.” “They are collaborators.” “Precisely.” Tsugua nodded. 1/2
Dr. August Bones@Ausbones

LXXV: The Chronicles of Professor Tsugua Senob and the Possible Last World Cup of Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro The lecture hall was unusually quiet. No one knew why. Professor Tsugua entered carrying neither a textbook nor his usual folder. Only a phone. He placed it gently on the desk. “I watched the match yesterday.” Nobody asked which one. They already knew. Portugal. Spain. Six World Cups. One possible final appearance. The room remained silent. Even Musa, who usually found something humorous in every situation, said nothing. Tsugua looked around. “Do you know what I saw?” “A defeat?” Chinedu replied cautiously. Tsugua shook his head. “No.” “I saw time.” The room became still. “For over two decades,” he continued, “an entire generation measured football by one constant.” “Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro was there.” He paused. “Different teammates.” “Different coaches.” “Different tactics.” “Different hairstyles.” The class laughed softly. “But always there.” Aisha spoke first. “Professor... six World Cups is extraordinary.” “It is.” Tsugua nodded. “And that is why yesterday was never just another football match.” “It was biology.” The students looked puzzled. He walked to the board and wrote: Every biological system has a lifespan. “The immune system teaches us something football eventually confirms.” “Performance cannot stop time.” “Discipline cannot stop time.” “Talent cannot stop time.” He paused. “But discipline can delay what time would otherwise steal much earlier.” The room fell silent. “Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro’s greatest achievement was never merely becoming great.” “It was remaining relevant.” He looked around. “Year after year, people predicted the end.” “Year after year, he answered.” “Not always with words.” “With preparation.” “With discipline.” “With consistency.” Fatima smiled. “You’ve said before that he kept reinventing himself.” “Yes.” “The young winger disappeared.” “The complete forward emerged.” “When pace naturally declined, movement improved.” “When dribbling reduced, positioning became elite.” “When others relied on yesterday’s strengths, he built tomorrow’s.” Sadiq nodded. “So he adapted.” “Exactly.” “And adaptation,” Tsugua said, “is one of the highest expressions of intelligence.” He turned and wrote another word. Plasticity “The immune system survives because it adapts.” “Memory cells.” “Affinity maturation.” “Class switching.” “Clonal selection.” “Everything in immunology points toward one truth.” “You cannot survive by remaining exactly what you were.” Musa finally spoke. “So why does this defeat feel different?” Tsugua looked at him. “Because we confuse endings with failures.” The room became very quiet. “A scientist retires.” “A surgeon performs the final operation.” “A professor teaches the final lecture.” “An athlete plays a possible final World Cup match.” He paused. “The ending does not diminish the work.” “If anything, it reveals how remarkable the journey was.” Aisha lowered her pen. “People will still argue about whether he is the greatest.” “They always will,” Tsugua replied. “And perhaps they should.” “The greatest is an opinion.” He looked around the room. “But six World Cups…” “Remaining relevant across generations…” “Reinventing yourself while millions expect you to fail…” He smiled faintly. “Those are not opinions.” “They are history.” The room remained silent. Tsugua picked up his phone. “In immunology,” he said quietly, “there is a concept called immunological memory.” “The response eventually ends.” “The effector cells contract.” “But the memory remains.” He slipped the phone into his pocket. “Today may have been the last World Cup match of Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro.” He paused. “Or perhaps, the possible last.” “Time alone will answer that.” He looked around the room. 1/2 Continue in the comments👇🏼

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Dr. August Bones
Dr. August Bones@Ausbones·
Can someone still switch from student visa to the UK global talent visa via the endorsement route?
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AFO
AFO@Dr_Afo·
People who enjoy unsweetened greek yoghurt need to be checked mentally.
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Queen Pope (•͡.̮~͡)
Queen Pope (•͡.̮~͡)@QueenEfexii·
I enjoyed Twitter and my people here on Twitter, till I stopped seeing @Sai_Ishaya_ write ups lol and then all the bants from my people disappeared.. then I started seeing tweets with translation on my TL. I gave up 😂
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Kikelomo Sowore
Kikelomo Sowore@KikelomoSowore·
I want France and England for Worldcup final. That means one Francophone,one anglophone and me with my phone.
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Nigerian Doctor
Nigerian Doctor@Nigerian_Doctor·
The longer I am away from Twitter, The more I reluctantly accept that, some discussions are best had off Twitter. It is a borderless space. Therefore, going forward, Let’s hang out in curated spaces, Connecting with target audiences. Find your community below:
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Vickyomolara
Vickyomolara@vickyomolara·
Happy birthday to my first fruit 🎉💖. Our Ireoluwabamiji is 11 today 💖💕✨. God bless and keep you. Happy birthday my baby girl 😘🎈🎉.
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Chicken Catcher🐔
Chicken Catcher🐔@Only1Etubo·
Since it’s been a while, let’s reintroduce ourselves. I’m White Dragon - aka Hip Hop Itakure, Etubo Malaika, Chicken Catcher, Etubo Lion, Mini Okwute, White Lion… Two birds cannot be hawk. 😂 Now it’s your turn. Who are you?
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Dr. August Bones retweetledi
KWEKU THE HUSTLER
KWEKU THE HUSTLER@Urchilla01·
Omo I de see mutuals wey I no even remember say dem be my mutuals. Feels good ngl
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(669) 300-5156
(669) 300-5156@astr1d2006·
@Ausbones @payoo241 SIR The fact that we see a Double Survival in this case essentially rules out TTTS... It's sFGR...
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Sir Payoo🥼🩺
Sir Payoo🥼🩺@payoo241·
The image below most likely represents which condition? A. Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome B. Discordant twin growth C. Congenital infection D. Neonatal sepsis
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H@osheguy·
Bring me your tears!!!!!!! Bring them!!!!! Una go learn well!!!!. Vamos!!!!!!!!!!
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