Carnot's Law
714 posts
Carnot's Law
@Len54Len
Leonard Sadi Carnot -In his 1824 treatise, "On the Motive Power of Heat" he discovers a Law which governs life, our universe, everything-the 2nd Law of Thermo.
Katılım Ağustos 2024
67 Takip Edilen107 Takipçiler
On this day in history in 1865, the American Civil War came to an end when Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House in Virginia.
Grant arrived in a muddy uniform, while Lee appeared in full dress attire. Lee agreed to the surrender terms, which included pardons for officers and men, who would be allowed to return home with their private property, most importantly, their horses. Officers were permitted to keep their sidearms, and the starving Confederate soldiers were given rations.
This day is remembered as a turning point in American history: the end of the bloodiest war on U.S. soil and the beginning of rebuilding a fractured nation.
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Today in 1865, Robert E. Lee surrenders the Army of Northern Virginia to Ulysses Grant at Appomattox effectively ending the U.S. Civil War. Grant orders his jubilant men not to cheer. "[They] were now our countrymen," he recalls. "We did not want to exult over their downfall."
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@GovNuclear @INL CHF is the heat flux beyond which nucleate boiling transitions to film boiling, significantly reducing the heat transfer coefficient and potentially resulting in loss of cladding integrity.
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WATCH 👀 this amazing test footage out of @INL!
Critical heat flux is a physical phenomenon that occurs when a fuel rod first begins to overheat and can no longer transfer additional heat to the water.
Learn more: energy.gov/ne/articles/na…
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@sonukg4india Transcendental numbers are non-algebraic. So this is incorrect.
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@PhilosophyOfPhy Need to go back a bit further to the Greek atomists of 400 BC, to Leucippus and Democritus.
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𝗗𝗮𝗹𝘁𝗼𝗻 (𝟭𝟴𝟬𝟯): Proposed atoms are indivisible, tiny spheres. 𝗧𝗵𝗼𝗺𝘀𝗼𝗻 (𝟭𝟵𝟬𝟰): Introduced positive and negative charges in the "plum pudding" model. 𝗥𝘂𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗱 (𝟭𝟵𝟭𝟭): Discovered the nucleus.
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@Handre They were a socialist island in a sea of capitalism.
They could still look up the price of nails in the West if they wished.
They just refused to follow the markets.
Stupid central planning/5 year plans.
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In 1920, while Western intellectuals were gushing over Soviet "progress," a young Austrian economist named Ludwig von Mises published a bombshell paper. He argued that socialist economies would inevitably collapse because they couldn't calculate prices without markets. The academic world laughed him off.
For the next 70 years, Nobel Prize winners, Harvard professors, and CIA analysts kept insisting the USSR was an economic powerhouse. Paul Samuelson's famous textbook predicted Soviet GDP would surpass America's by 1990. And the intelligence community? They estimated Soviet GDP at 60% of America's right up until the end.
But Mises had nailed it from day one. Without real prices, central planners were flying blind — they literally couldn't tell if making a nail cost more than the nail was worth.
When the Berlin Wall fell in 1989, Soviet GDP turned out to be maybe 15% of America's. The whole thing had been a Potemkin village propped up by Western loans and oil exports. Mises had been vindicated, posthumously — he died in 1973, missing his ultimate "I told you so" moment by just 16 years.
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@TheMathFlow 6 DOF for a rigid body. The (x, y, z) center of mass and these 3 angles: (x,y,z,ζ,ɵ,ϕ)
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Euler Angles is a set of three angles named after the legendary mathematician Leonhard Euler. These are used to describe the exact orientation of any rigid object relative to a fixed starting point.
Each angle corresponds to a rotation: yaw (around the vertical axis), pitch (around the lateral axis), and roll (around the longitudinal axis).
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@Lutra_Gaming It's was a brilliant episode, much more than that WW2 sub-warfare movie. It reflects the Cold War between US and USSR too, thus the title.
And we also learn that humans and Romulans have never seen each other, which is weird.
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Star Trek #StarAcademy #StarTrek
"Balance of Terror” works so well because it treats space combat like submarine warfare rather than a typical sci-fi battle. Instead of spectacle, the episode builds tension through uncertainty, patience, and psychological pressure.
The Romulan Bird-of-Prey behaves like a cloaked predator, striking from invisibility and vanishing again, forcing the Enterprise into a slow, nerve-wracking hunt. The fear doesn’t come from explosions — it comes from silence, sensor readings, delayed reactions, and the constant awareness that the next hit could be catastrophic.
That same atmosphere defines "Das Boot" confinement, anticipation, calculation, dread. Combat becomes a mental contest where timing and positioning matter more than firepower.
The pacing mirrors this beautifully — long stretches of quiet tension punctuated by sudden bursts of danger. In Star Trek: The Original Series – “Balance of Terror,” phasers feel like torpedoes, sensors like sonar, and space like an ocean where visibility is limited, and mistakes are fatal.
The result is a battle defined by nerves and strategy rather than visual effects. It’s a perfect example of Star Trek proving that suspense and atmosphere can make combat far more intense than constant action ever could.
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@GovNuclear you guys are all talk and no action. Shut up and build.
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Don’t blink. The nuclear energy renaissance is underway.
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@Will_Tanner_1 1930s Germany.
I have heard this kind of talk before.
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We are all slaves to the bottom quintile, which pays essentially no taxes, and its need for immense subsidization
The rich already pay far more than their “fair share”
Caleb Hammer@sircalebhammer
I’m honestly just so bored of accounts that are supposed to be politically savvy and interesting ending up just being slop. It is not an invalid policy proposal to increase taxes on wealthy people, people can agree or disagree on that policy. But to suggest that the rich are just not being taxed? It’s just so boring.
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Catholic conservatives carry the torch of Western Civilization. Like the Irish Monks of old.
Álvaro@ALVAROAVI
Van a tener un presidente español de derechas antes que España.
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Central planning is planned chaos.
Connor Boyack 📚@cboyack
Central planning fails because planners can't know what millions want. Markets succeed because they don't pretend to.
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Carnot's Law retweetledi
Central planning fails because planners can't know what millions want.
Markets succeed because they don't pretend to.
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This quote is from von Mises 1944 book, "Bureaucracy", Sort of his "Socialism for Dummies". A very easy little treatise, unlike "Human Action" which is an unbelievable headache.
Mises did not suffer fools and needed Hayek to popularize his ideas as he was too undiplomatic-called Marx an idiot.
F. A. Hayek Quotes@FAHayekSays
Ludwig von Mises delivers a devastating critique of socialism: “The champions of socialism call themselves progressives, but they recommend a system which is characterized by rigid observance of routine and by a resistance to every kind of improvement. They call themselves liberals, but they are intent upon abolishing liberty.” “They call themselves democrats, but they yearn for dictatorship. They call themselves revolutionaries, but they want to make the government omnipotent. They promise the blessings of the Garden of Eden, but they plan to transform the world into a gigantic post office. Every man but one a subordinate clerk in a bureau.”
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@handre Of all the arguments against Socialism, this one truth from Von Mises is the most cogent. Without a market you cannot perform engineering economic calculations of alternatives.
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In 1920, Mises dropped an intellectual atom bomb on socialism with a simple question: "How do you know what anything costs without market prices?"
While Soviet planners were drowning in millions of arbitrary calculations, trying to set prices for everything from bread to bulldozers by committee, Mises had already proven it impossible. As Rothbard later quipped: "Socialist calculation is like trying to play chess blindfolded while your opponent keeps moving the board."
Today's central bankers face the same delusion, believing they can calculate the "correct" interest rate for an entire economy. The result? The same chaos Soviet planners created, just with better marketing.
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@DiscoveryCSC As Leibniz put it so well in his Principle of Sufficient Reason, taken as a complete set, one still must explain why the multiverse exists instead of nothing?
i.e., why do we have a Multiverse?
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With the multiverse hypothesis, a key supposition is that the physical parameters within alternative universes somehow vary over an undefined range.scienceandculture.com/2026/02/why-a-…
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@libraryofgodwin You are forgetting a few things, like Western History going back to 2000 BC.
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The Anglo-Saxons have so thoroughly won the game of civilization that the rest of the world has spent the last decade coming up with convoluted moral arguments as to why they and theirs are entitled to live in and benefit from the Anglosphere countries.
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@HarrisonGarlic1 As St Augustine so aptly put it, evil is not a substance or an entity in itself but a privation, an absence of the good. God is perfectly good but we are not.
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You may see the problem like this:
God is good.
Everything God created is good.
Evil exists.
How can this be true?
Many other religions and cults have solved the problem by stating there are two gods or forces of equal power, good and evil, and our world is a tension between the two.
But, in Christianity, God is the Almighty, the Creator, Being-itself, while Satan is a finite creature, an angel—they are not equal opposites.
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Thanks to @the_culturist_ for sharing the article!
The Culturist@the_culturist_
In Dante's Inferno, the center of Hell is not hot. It is a freezing lake of ice. In Lewis's Narnia, cold also represents evil: a never-ending, Christmas-less winter. Why? The answer unlocks one of the most troubling questions in Christianity: how can a good God permit suffering? St. Augustine taught that evil is a privation of good, a lack of something. Just as evil is like darkness to light or a hole to the ground, cold is an absence of heat. Cold also works well for evil because it ceases movement. The soul, in Latin, is called anima, and it is behind English words like animation, animal, et al., meaning something that moves. The cold slows and then ceases movement, making it a good poetic force against the soul, the anima. It is no surprise that the White Witch's ultimate power is to turn people into stone. Creatures turned to stone are brought back to life by the warm breath of Aslan, the Jesus figure. In Dante's Inferno, the pit of hell is a cold wasteland of ice and wind. It is the farthest away from the radiant love of God a soul could fall — a lake of ice lacking in both warmth and movement. Lewis and Dante invite you to rethink the nature of evil, and to see it as a kind of unreality... theascent.substack.com/p/the-hidden-m…
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