Chris 🇬🇷🇨🇾

Something interesting is that the East Mediterranean samples from Hellenistic and Roman periods of the Samsun (Amisos) area (Western Pontus) are coming very close to the Modern Greek Central Anatolian samples. Possible Greek Central Anatolian samples cover the Western Pontics

The most common torture inflicted by the Muslims during the Ottoman period was whipping. The usual victims were the Christians. It was the introductory torment in every other torture, so common in the persecutions of Christians that the phrase became proverbial: "I will whip you until you change your faith." The victim was tied with exposed back, their clothes torn, and the whipping began. The executioners were usually Turkish soldiers with robust physiques, so that the blows were both critical and powerful. The number of blows was either predetermined by the court or (most of the time) left to the discretion of the executioners. Muslim judges (qadis) observed the torture. If the victim showed that they could not endure the completion of the number of blows and their life was in immediate danger, then the judge placed the Quran under the executioner's armpit. Unable to raise his arm high (since the holy text must not fall to the ground), he delivered the remaining blows with less intensity. After the whipping, the victim was often left helpless without care, or thrown into prison. In most cases, permanent disabilities remained on the body. Also, one of the harshest tortures of the Ottoman Muslims was impalement. Crowds surrounded the victim and mocked them, suggesting they convert to Islam and insulting their faith, family, and nationality. The stakes were set up in a specific area, usually in the village or town square. The victim was dragged there in public humiliation, as usual. After being severely whipped, their clothes were torn, their hands were tied tightly behind their back, and they were "seated" on the stake. Then weights were hung on their legs so that they would slide down and be skewered on the stake. In many cases, the sadism did not end with skewering the victim. The spit (with the victim on it) was placed horizontally over a fire or burning coals, and the victim was roasted alive like a lamb. The fearsome and terrible Ali Pasha of Ioannina was famous for slowly roasting his victims, thinning the coals under them to prolong the agony and the entertainment of himself and his entourage. In many cases, he forced relatives to torture and kill their own kin to avoid impalement and roasting themselves. I have an interesting story to tell you on my next post. Stay tuned. I know what you are thinking. The religion of peace.

In Constantinople, the French academic doctor Pitton de Tournefort (18th century), witnessed the "impalement" of the Christian Greeks from the Muslims: "They lay the victim face down, after tying his hands behind his back, place a donkey saddle on his back, and two of the executioner's assistants sit on it to completely immobilize him. Another one holds his head pressed to the ground with both hands. A fourth assistant tears open the back of the victim's trousers with scissors. Then the executioner drives the stake, a wooden spit, as deep as possible. Next, he takes a wooden hammer and strikes the stake until the sharp end emerges at the chest. They then lift the stake upright and plant it in the ground. And as the poor wretch suffers, the Turks mock him, ridicule him, and call on him to convert to Islam and embrace the Muslim faith." Pouqueville also recounts the tragic end of the Greek Thymios Vlachavas from Thessaly, following the uprising of 1808. He saw him in Ioannina, bound to a pole in Ali Pasha's courtyard: "calmer than the tyrant who was enjoying his torment, he looked at me with a serene gaze, as if wanting to make me a witness to the triumph of his supreme hour. He endured the executioner's blows without groaning or complaining. And the limbs dragged through the streets of Ioannina showed the terrified Greeks the remains of the last captain of Thessaly." Kandyloros reports that the Muslim Kehaya-Bey "disembarked in Kalamata in 1805 carrying twenty thousand stakes for the impalement of the Greeks. He advanced inland, captured and impaled about six hundred of them." Another form of torture was "the hooks." They consist of a scaffold erected at the entrance of cities. The executioner hoists the condemned man high on a pole using a pulley. Below the pole are fixed hooks. Then he suddenly releases the rope, and the condemned man falls with all his weight onto the hooks, impaling himself sometimes in the chest, sometimes in the armpits, or elsewhere on the body. And they leave him there to die. Often death comes after three days. All these were inflicted on the Greeks who refused to embrace Islam and Muhammadanism.

Tobey Maguire (50) is currently dating mishka Silva (20)

"Wherever the turkish hoof trods, no grass grows" -Victor Hugo- 📍 Al-Suqaylabiyah, Syria ✝️