Sam McIntyre

814 posts

Sam McIntyre banner
Sam McIntyre

Sam McIntyre

@SamMc413

Biology, Philosophy, Technology. Joined Twitter to help fight against #longcovid

United Kingdom Katılım Şubat 2021
328 Takip Edilen2.2K Takipçiler
Sabitlenmiş Tweet
Sam McIntyre
Sam McIntyre@SamMc413·
(1/4) Long Covid: Latest Evidence-based Pathophysiology Clues Infographic 🧩 On this day, exactly 5 years ago I tested positive for a Covid infection that triggered the onset of my Long Covid and its devastating symptoms, which still debilitate me to this day. To mark this unhappy anniversary, I have pieced together and summarised the latest research findings into the below one-page, accessible infographic in the hopes of raising awareness and sparking interest. Clickable PDF link in next post
Sam McIntyre tweet media
English
22
209
526
51.7K
Sam McIntyre retweetledi
charlos
charlos@loscharlos·
Turn 36 today & I’ve spent my entire thirties with #LongCovid. When I turned 30 I was biking to work 10 miles a day, & since my mild covid infection — I struggle to walk more than a block or work more than a few hours a week. Here’s 4 things I wish everyone knew:
English
128
724
3.1K
241.5K
Sam McIntyre
Sam McIntyre@SamMc413·
@ZackPolanski Hi Zack, please see this infographic I made which summarises some of the latest Long Covid related research. Far too much money has been wasted on research that does not address the underlying biology
Sam McIntyre@SamMc413

(1/4) Long Covid: Latest Evidence-based Pathophysiology Clues Infographic 🧩 On this day, exactly 5 years ago I tested positive for a Covid infection that triggered the onset of my Long Covid and its devastating symptoms, which still debilitate me to this day. To mark this unhappy anniversary, I have pieced together and summarised the latest research findings into the below one-page, accessible infographic in the hopes of raising awareness and sparking interest. Clickable PDF link in next post

English
0
5
20
935
Zack Polanski
Zack Polanski@ZackPolanski·
The Government should be investing properly in treatments for Long COVID. Far too many people left in this situation: read Darren's story. 👇🏼
Darren Parkinson 🌍💚💙@DarrenBar88

This time last year I lost my job due to #LongCovid. Unsurprisingly it was an extremely difficult time. I'd worked for the NHS as a Learning Disability Nurse for 20yrs. Long Covid ended my career. It also drastically altered my life. Some reflections 👇

English
297
587
2.3K
121.8K
Sam McIntyre
Sam McIntyre@SamMc413·
(3/3) The authors suggest that 'in LC, this catabolic enhancement appears to continue long after viral infection, despite it no longer serving a useful purpose'. However, growing evidence (see viral persistence section) suggests replicating virus may still be present. Potentially explaining the purpose of this metabolic shift
English
1
0
12
411
Sam McIntyre
Sam McIntyre@SamMc413·
(2/3) The authors speculate that this switch may be an ancient antiviral response to heat up the cell and block energy, in order to prevent viral replication. Persistence of SARS-CoV-2, or the high rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production could be contributing to this metabolic reprogramming.
English
1
0
11
415
Sam McIntyre
Sam McIntyre@SamMc413·
(1/3) A team from UCL (infographic citation 31) discovered a dramatic change in the way LC patients' mitochondria are using ATP synthase. Instead of using it exclusively for ATP (energy) production, the enzyme also ran in reverse. ATP was actually being consumed in order to maintain membrane potential. Why might this be happening? 👇
Sam McIntyre@SamMc413

(1/4) Long Covid: Latest Evidence-based Pathophysiology Clues Infographic 🧩 On this day, exactly 5 years ago I tested positive for a Covid infection that triggered the onset of my Long Covid and its devastating symptoms, which still debilitate me to this day. To mark this unhappy anniversary, I have pieced together and summarised the latest research findings into the below one-page, accessible infographic in the hopes of raising awareness and sparking interest. Clickable PDF link in next post

English
5
27
94
6K
Sam McIntyre
Sam McIntyre@SamMc413·
@Dr_Turb Hi! You can view or download a high-res version (which has clickable numbers) here: docdro.id/GSDDVHM Happy to help with any other questions
English
0
0
1
54
Dr_Turb
Dr_Turb@Dr_Turb·
@SamMc413 Hi Sam, A friend shared this on reddit, and I have shared it in the WhatsApp groups that I'm in for supporting each other through Post Covid Syndrome; however it seems to have been through one too many image formats and is quite hard to make out; (continues)
English
2
0
0
82
Sam McIntyre
Sam McIntyre@SamMc413·
(1/4) Long Covid: Latest Evidence-based Pathophysiology Clues Infographic 🧩 On this day, exactly 5 years ago I tested positive for a Covid infection that triggered the onset of my Long Covid and its devastating symptoms, which still debilitate me to this day. To mark this unhappy anniversary, I have pieced together and summarised the latest research findings into the below one-page, accessible infographic in the hopes of raising awareness and sparking interest. Clickable PDF link in next post
Sam McIntyre tweet media
English
22
209
526
51.7K
Mark Thompson
Mark Thompson@gmthompsonjr06·
@SamMc413 Great chart from vax injury sufferer. Is LC synonymous with vax injury to you?
English
1
0
3
501
Teresa Maritano-Aquino
Teresa Maritano-Aquino@TMaritanoAquino·
🙌🏼 Bravo, Sam! 🙏🏼 I’ll be into yr 7 come February; seeing a new Dr next wk & DO NOT wish to restart at point A. I’m going to get this to them & say, I’m Waldo & I’m on this map; now find me, & let’s go…
Sam McIntyre@SamMc413

(1/4) Long Covid: Latest Evidence-based Pathophysiology Clues Infographic 🧩 On this day, exactly 5 years ago I tested positive for a Covid infection that triggered the onset of my Long Covid and its devastating symptoms, which still debilitate me to this day. To mark this unhappy anniversary, I have pieced together and summarised the latest research findings into the below one-page, accessible infographic in the hopes of raising awareness and sparking interest. Clickable PDF link in next post

English
1
0
2
94
Sam McIntyre
Sam McIntyre@SamMc413·
@TMaritanoAquino I did want to include a study related to connective tissues disorders in the predispositions section but I ran out of room! I had to make some really tough choices regarding what to include and exlude.
English
0
0
1
18
Teresa Maritano-Aquino
Teresa Maritano-Aquino@TMaritanoAquino·
@SamMc413 I wonder if you might include LC research links to connective tissue disorders, hEDS, & EDS?
English
1
0
0
36
Sam McIntyre retweetledi
Long COVID Labs
Long COVID Labs@longcovidlabs·
Great info here. Millions of people all over the world are waiting for treatments. 🌍 So much needs to be done- but we are also starting to see more and more pathways to the answer 🙏
Sam McIntyre@SamMc413

(1/4) Long Covid: Latest Evidence-based Pathophysiology Clues Infographic 🧩 On this day, exactly 5 years ago I tested positive for a Covid infection that triggered the onset of my Long Covid and its devastating symptoms, which still debilitate me to this day. To mark this unhappy anniversary, I have pieced together and summarised the latest research findings into the below one-page, accessible infographic in the hopes of raising awareness and sparking interest. Clickable PDF link in next post

English
5
29
89
3.9K
Sarah
Sarah@SarahLizzyLou·
Completed my last exam on Tue & can confidently say I’ve made it through my 1st term of uni as a student with LC/ME. It was hard. I considered giving up a few times. But I managed to avoid major crashes & keep a fairly steady baseline. V proud of myself 🥰 #LongCovidDiaries
Sarah tweet media
English
168
107
1.5K
19.9K
Sam McIntyre retweetledi
Neurologist Mom
Neurologist Mom@NeurologistMom·
You’re harming a patient with ME/CFS if you recommend exercise. Here are the highlights of the recent paper by @DrMaureenHanson , who has been studying this field for decades, and her colleagues: ✔️Plasma profiling of 7,288 proteins during post-exertional malaise in ME/CFS. ✔️ME/CFS participants show sustained immune, metabolic, and neuromuscular dysregulation during post-exercise recovery. ✔️Exertion disrupts T and B cell signaling, IL-17 pathways, and mitochondrial metabolism. ✔️Protein signatures correlate with symptom severity and impaired exercise performance in ME/CFS subjects. ✔️Sex-stratified analysis reveals distinct molecular responses, underscoring the importance of sex in ME/CFS pathophysiology. mcponline.org/article/S1535-…
English
5
101
340
7.6K
Sam McIntyre
Sam McIntyre@SamMc413·
(4/4) I also wanted to say a big thank you to all the researchers who are endeavouring to understand and treat our illness. The insights provided by your research have helped me regain enough cognitive energy to work on this project. Links to all the research used below: [1] polybio.org/fall-2025-symp… [2] mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/1… [3] science.org/doi/10.1126/sc… [4] link.springer.com/article/10.100… [5] cell.com/cell-host-micr… [6] pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12… [7] medrxiv.org/content/10.110… [8] biorxiv.org/content/10.110… [9] mecfs-research.org/wp-content/upl… [10] biorxiv.org/content/10.110… [11] …nslational-medicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11… [12] pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac… [13] nature.com/articles/s4158… [14] link.springer.com/article/10.100… [15] nature.com/articles/s4158… [16] mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/9… [17] nature.com/articles/s4159… [18] biorxiv.org/content/10.110… [19] pnas.org/doi/epub/10.10… [20] mdpi.com/1467-3045/47/4… [21] pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12… [22] frontiersin.org/journals/immun… [23] frontiersin.org/journals/immun… [24] mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/1… [25] #Sec17" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">nature.com/articles/s4432… [26] onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jc… [27] link.springer.com/content/pdf/10… [28] onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/al… [29] pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12… [30] researchsquare.com/article/rs-718… [31] #abstract" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10… [32] t.co/EbS5liUQC6 [33] pnas.org/doi/abs/10.107… [34] pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11… [35] atsjournals.org/doi/abs/10.116… [36] frontiersin.org/journals/cellu… [37] academic.oup.com/braincomms/art… [38] medrxiv.org/content/10.110… [39] healthrising.org/blog/2025/12/0… [40] #f3" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">frontiersin.org/journals/immun… [41] sciencedirect.com/science/articl… [42] journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/jv… [43] frontiersin.org/journals/neuro… [44] mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/2…
English
0
10
90
2.1K
Sam McIntyre
Sam McIntyre@SamMc413·
(3/4) Support Further Research 🔍 I’m also launching a fundraiser where all proceeds will go to my favourite research organisation (PolyBio) who are at the cutting edge of understanding and treating complex chronic illnesses like Long Covid. Please consider donating if able. Any contributions would mean a lot. Donate here 👇 zeffy.com/en-CA/fundrais… My priority whilst putting together the infographic was the accurate representation of the research, and selecting key insights (whilst avoiding personal bias in the curation process). If any mistakes are found, I am committed to updating the PDF link.
English
2
11
80
2.9K
Sam McIntyre
Sam McIntyre@SamMc413·
(2/4) Link to High-Res PDF with clickable citation links (infographic is free to use and share)👇 docdro.id/UUy4Kr1 My aim was to provide a highly accessible resource that: - Raises awareness of the biological mechanisms behind our illness - Gets more people interested in solving the Long Covid puzzle and advancing current ideas (as well as sparking interest in similar illnesses such as ME/CFS and chronic tick-borne infections) - Offers patients a resource they could take to appointments and share with friends and family to aid understanding and prevent gaslighting
English
0
1
7
128
Sam McIntyre retweetledi
thetranscendedman
thetranscendedman@atranscendedman·
New research from Virax Biolabs reveals that T cell exhaustion and altered cytokine activity are key factors in long COVID, ME/CFS, etc. Their diagnostic assay detects immune dysfunction, paving the way for earlier diagnosis and targeted treatment. pharmexec.com/view/new-insig…
English
3
25
91
3.5K
Sam McIntyre retweetledi
PolyBio
PolyBio@polybioRF·
“At least 2/3 of individuals with Long COVID contained [SARS-CoV-2] infected megakaryocytes,” says Dr. Morgane Bomsel. “This suggests that megakaryocytes form reservoirs in LC patients—which may produce platelets sheltering infectious SCV2.”
English
16
193
444
108.8K

Keşfet

@UWM @SpringerNature @ZackPolanski @Dr_Turb @gmthompsonjr06 @TMaritanoAquino @SarahLizzyLou @DrMaureenHanson