Steven Castillo

Electrolyte cheat sheet

Tirzepatide as Compared with Semaglutide for the Treatment of Obesity: @NEJM 🥸 SURMOUNT-5 Trial: Wow! 😱 Summary 👇👇👇

"The human heart is a miraculous organ. It supplies itself before it serves others, a lesson we all could live by.” Dr. Helen Taussig

Let’s talk about the Top 10 cardiology papers of 2024 that shook up the field! Hard science, no BS, 🚀 and yes — some practices WILL change. 🫀 Let’s dive in: a tweetorial thread! #CardioTwitter #MedEd #Cardiology

1/ 🚨 The top 10 heart failure (HF) papers of 2024! A quick thread on the most impactful studies that shaped our understanding of HF treatment this year. 🧵 #CardioTwitter #HeartFailure

Aortic Measurements in Echocardiography Accurate aortic measurements are vital for assessing valve function and diagnosing aortic pathology: 1. LVOT Diameter (A): Measured in systole to calculate transaortic stroke volume or valve area via the continuity equation. 2. Aortic Measurements at End-Diastole: - Sinuses of Valsalva (B) - Sinotubular Junction (C) - Mid-Ascending Aorta ( D) Technique Tip: Measurements should be taken from inner edge to inner edge of the white-black interface. M-mode measurements typically correspond to the sinus diameter. Source: Catherine M. Otto #Echocardiography #Cardiology #AorticAssessment

Echocardiographic approach to heart failure (Source: Catherine M. Otto) 🔹 HFrEF (Heart Failure with Reduced EF) → Enlarged LV, ↓ systolic function  • Global dysfunction → Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM)  • Regional dysfunction → Ischemic heart disease 🔹 LV Hypertrophy (↑ Wall Thickness)  • Asymmetric → Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)  • Concentric → Hypertension 🔹 HFpEF (Heart Failure with Preserved EF) → Normal LV size & function but diastolic dysfunction 🔹 RV Dysfunction → Assess Pulmonary Artery Pressure (PAP)  • Normal PAP → Primary RV disease  • ↑ PAP → Left heart disease?    ✔ Yes → Secondary Pulmonary Hypertension (PH)    ✔ No → Primary PH or lung disease Echocardiography is essential in differentiating heart failure causes! #Cardiology #HeartFailure #Echocardiography #MedX

Fever patterns to know

🫀 Right Ventricular (RV) Infarction: A Must-Know ECG Pattern! RV infarction often coexists with inferior MI but is frequently overlooked. Missing it can be dangerous, as treatment differs from LV infarcts! Here’s how to detect it on ECG ⬇️

Echocardiography Essentials: LV Segmental Model & Imaging Planes 🫀 This diagram illustrates the standard 17-segment model of the left ventricle (LV) and how it correlates with key echocardiographic views: 🔹 Apical 4-Chamber 🔹 Apical 2-Chamber 🔹 Apical Long-Axis 💡Each LV segment is linked to a specific coronary territory: 🔸 LAD – Anterior & anteroseptal walls 🔸 LCX – Lateral & posterior walls 🔸 RCA – Inferior & inferoseptal walls. Each view provides a unique perspective on regional wall motion, crucial for assessing ischemia, cardiomyopathies,.. Source: Catherine M. Otto, Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography #Cardiology #Echocardiography #LVSegments

Approach the Patient with Syncope ✨ 💥💥💥

Confession: I LOVE hyponatremia 🤓 (I know, I know. What can I say, I'm a true internist!) HypoNa is often feared, maligned, and misunderstood - but I promise it doesn't have to be scary! Here are my top 10 hyponatremia tips and tricks - a 🧵

New #EKG patterns in acute myocardial infarction due to thrombotic plaque rupture: ❌ STEMI / NSTEMI ✅ State of the coronary artery Great work by @fabrizioricci @martini_chia!

Acid Base Analysis 🩸 👣👣👣 #MedEd #PhysioMed #MedX

🔴Electrolytes by NCLEXQuiz #MedX

Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Replacement for Asymptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis: @NEJM 🥸 I was at #TCT2024 all day - just got to a desk @TCTMD 😱 Summary of EARLY TAVR trial 👇👇👇

Medicine is difficult! Standing over my 46 years of clinical practice, I couldn't agree more... doi:10.1136/bmj.q2163 @Drlipid @DrMarthaGulati @PamTaubMD @biljana_parapid @AmarPut @AndrewJSauer @ErinMichos @SABOURETCardio @ctinocomesquita @OtavioBerwanger @JohnKastelein 👇🏽👇🏽

@mandaasci I look up to you Garcia! Congratulations 🙏🏽

Happy to announce that I have been selected as a recipient for the Rodent Microvascular Surgery Training Program Scholarship at Columbia University Medical Center! I will work in hands-on sessions focused on further developing my microvascular surgery techniques in rodent models

@Budgetdog_ Much love 🙏🏽

Is anyone surprised by the student loan forgiveness decision? 👇🏼

@mandaasci Wow! Congratulations Amanda K! 🤗🥳

I am excited to share my first co-authored publication in the Almodovar Lab, preparing the stage for a better understanding of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 interactions! mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/9…