Ofer Binshtok - Kafir - עופר בינשטוק@Ofer_binshtok
Roughly 1,400 years of racist and violent Islamic colonialism, driven by thousands of wars and battles, brought approximately 20% of the Earth’s surface under their control. They brutally purged these territories of every culture that inhabited the land. They continue to expand under the commands of the Quran and the Sunnah of Muhammad.
List of major wars, conquests, raids, and battles in which Muslim forces attacked or conquered non-Muslim entities – expanded and updated with emphasis on the Indian subcontinent, Africa, Asia, and Europe (including hundreds of significant events).
The list includes major battles, campaigns, and raids (not every small raid or local battle, as there were thousands). Organized chronologically. Based on historical documentation.
610–632: Period of Muhammad (Arabian Peninsula)
624: Battle of Badr – against pagan Quraysh tribes.
625: Battle of Uhud – against Quraysh.
627: Battle of the Trench – against Quraysh and pagan tribes.
627: Siege of Banu Quraiza (Arabia) – Campaign against a Jewish tribe following the Battle of the Trench, resulting in the execution of the adult males and enslavement of others.
628: Conquest of Khaybar – against Jewish tribes.
630: Conquest of Mecca – against pagan Quraysh.
629: Battle of Mu'tah – first raid against Byzantium (Christians).
630: Tabuk raid – against Byzantium and Christians.
632–661: Rashidun Caliphate
632–633: Ridda Wars – against Arabian tribes (some non-Muslim).
634: Battle of Ajnadayn – against Byzantium.
636: Battle of Yarmouk – conquest of Syria and the Levant from Christian Byzantines.
636: Battle of al-Qadisiyyah – against Sassanids (Zoroastrians).
637: Conquest of Jerusalem – from Christians.
637–642: Full conquest of Persia.
639–642: Conquest of Egypt – against Byzantium.
644–651: Completion of Persia and Armenia conquests.
643: Naval raids on Debal (Sindh, India) – Initial caliphate maritime expeditions against the Hindu-ruled port of Debal.
661–750: Umayyad Caliphate
647–709: Conquest of North Africa (Maghreb) – against Christian/pagan Berbers and Byzantium (Carthage 698).
670–711: Naval raids on Sicily, Rhodes, Cyprus, Italy (Christians).
711–714: Conquest of Sindh (Pakistan/India) – against Hindus (Muhammad bin Qasim vs. Chach dynasty).
711: Battle of Guadalete – conquest of Spain from Christian Visigoths.
712–718: Full conquest of Al-Andalus (Spain and Lisbon).
717–718: Second siege of Constantinople – against Byzantium.
732: Raid into France – Battle of Tours (Poitiers) against Christian Franks.
673–751: Conquest of Central Asia (Bukhara, Samarkand) – against Turks, Sogdians, and China (Battle of Talas 751).
664–738: Early Arab raids into India (Sindh and Rajputs).
724–738: Campaigns of al-Junayd (India) – Major Umayyad invasions into central and western India, including raids on Ujjain, Malwa, and Gujarat.
750–1000: Abbasid Caliphate + early dynasties
800–900: Naval raids on Italy, Sardinia, Corsica, Rome (Christians).
9th–10th centuries: Raids on southern Italy and Rome.
827–902: Conquest of Sicily – against Byzantium.
846: Raid on Rome (Italy) – Aghlabid forces from the Maghreb and Sicily entered the Tiber, looting the Basilicas of St. Peter and St. Paul Outside the Walls.
904: Sack of Thessalonica (Byzantium) – A fleet led by Leo of Tripoli captured the Byzantine city; historical records note the slaughter and enslavement of over 20,000 Christians.
1015–1016: Invasion of Sardinia – Forces of Mujahid al-Amiri from Al-Andalus occupied portions of the Christian island to establish a permanent base.
1001–1027: 17 raids by Mahmud of Ghazni into India – against Hindus (destruction of temples in Mathura, Somnath, Punjab, Gujarat; hundreds of thousands killed).
1024–1030: Additional conquests in India (Somnath).
1000–1200: Seljuks, Ghaznavids, Ghurids
1064: Conquest of Christian Armenia – by Seljuk Turks.
1071: Battle of Manzikert – against Byzantium.
1070–1085: Conquest of Jerusalem, Syria, Antioch – against Byzantium.
1175–1206: Campaigns of Muhammad of Ghor (Ghurids) into India – conquest of Delhi, Punjab (Battle of Tarain 1192 vs. Rajputs); 1204 conquest of Bengal (Bakhtiyar Khilji).
1193: Destruction of Nalanda University (India) – Ghurid commander Bakhtiyar Khilji destroyed the Buddhist center, slaughtering the inhabitants and burning the library.
1192–1206: Founding of Delhi Sultanate – widespread conquests against Hindus.
1200–1500: Delhi Sultanate, Timur, early Ottomans
1206–1526: Expansion of Delhi Sultanate (Mamluk, Khalji, Tughlaq dynasties) – hundreds of battles against Rajputs, Vijayanagara, southern Indian kingdoms (Madurai 1310–1311, Alauddin Khalji; temple destructions).
1294: Raid on Devagiri (India) – Alauddin Khilji’s expedition against the Hindu Yadava dynasty, resulting in massive plunder and tributary status.
1311: Siege of Madurai (India) – Malik Kafur’s campaign in the far south; systematic looting of temples and seizure of gold and elephants.
1300s+: Conquests in southern India (Madurai Sultanate).
1400: Timur’s Caucasian Invasions – Systematic raids against Christian Georgia and Armenia, characterized by the destruction of hundreds of churches and mass capture.
1398: Timur (Tamerlane) invasion of India – conquest of Delhi, mass slaughter (50,000–80,000 killed), massive looting.
1300–1350: Ottomans conquer Anatolia and cross into the Balkans (Bulgaria, Serbia).
1354–1396: Ottoman conquests in the Balkans (Battle of Maritsa 1371, Battle of Kosovo 1389 – against Serbs, Hungarians, Bulgarians Christians).
1396: Battle of Nicopolis – against European Crusaders.
1453: Conquest of Constantinople – end of Byzantium.
1480: Conquest of Otranto (Italy) – Ottoman forces seized the city and executed 813 residents who refused to adopt the new ideology.
1500–1700: Ottomans, Mughals, Safavids, Barbary states
1521: Conquest of Belgrade – against Hungarians.
1522: Conquest of Rhodes – against Hospitaller Knights.
1526: Battle of Mohács – conquest of Hungary.
1526: Babur founds Mughal Empire in India – conquests against Hindus (Panipat 1526 vs. Lodi).
1529: First siege of Vienna – against Habsburgs.
1529–1543: Jihad of Ahmad Gragn (Africa) – Adal Sultanate invasion of the Christian Ethiopian Empire with Ottoman support; burning of cathedrals and large-scale territorial shifts.
1530–1700: Mughal expansion in India (Akbar, Aurangzeb) – hundreds of battles against Rajputs, Marathas, Sikhs, Hindus (destruction of hundreds of temples).
1565: Battle of Talikota (India) – Coalition of Deccan Sultanates defeated the Hindu Vijayanagara Empire, followed by the total destruction of the imperial capital.
1567–1568: Siege of Chittorgarh (India) – Mughal Emperor Akbar’s conquest of the Rajput fort, followed by the execution of approx. 30,000 Hindu civilians.
1565: Siege of Malta – against Christian knights.
1570: Conquest of Nicosia (Cyprus) – Ottoman siege resulting in the slaughter of an estimated 20,000 Christian inhabitants.
1571: Battle of Lepanto (defeat, but earlier naval raids).
1669: Conquest of Crete – against Venice.
1683: Second siege of Vienna – against Europe.
Barbary raids (North Africa, 1500–1800): Hundreds of naval and land raids on European coasts (Italy, Spain, France, England, Iceland 1627 – North African corsairs raided the Icelandic coast, capturing approximately 400 individuals for the slave trade) – plunder and enslavement of Christians (hundreds of thousands of captives).
West Africa: Almoravid jihads (1050–1140) against pagan Ghana; Almohad (12th century) against Christians and pagans.
1700–1900: Ottomans, late Mughals, jihads in Africa
1714–1718: Ottoman wars against Venice and Austria.
1730–1900: Ongoing Ottoman wars in the Balkans, Greece, Russia (against Christians).
India: Late Mughal wars against Marathas and Hindus; 1857 Sepoy Mutiny (Muslim component against British).
Africa: Fulani jihads (1804–1808, Usman dan Fodio) – conquest of Hausa, founding of Sokoto Caliphate against pagans and mixed groups.
1850s: Jihad of Al-Hajj Umar Tal (Mali/Senegal) – conquest of Bambara kingdoms.
1820–1822: Turco-Egyptian Conquest of Sudan – Military expeditions to secure control over the upper Nile and capture slaves from non-Muslim populations.
1881–1899: Mahdist revolt in Sudan – against Egypt/British (including Christians).
1900–present: Modern period
1914–1918: World War I – Ottomans against the Allies (Britain, France, Russia – Christian powers).
1915: Systematic Genocides in Anatolia – The elimination of Armenian, Greek, and Assyrian Christian populations by the Ottoman state apparatus.
1947–1948: 1948 War – Arab states against Israel.
1965, 1971: Indo-Pakistani wars – Pakistan against India.
1967, 1973: Arab-Israeli wars.
1979–1989: Jihad in Afghanistan – Mujahideen against Soviets.
1992–1995: Bosnian War – Bosniaks against Christian Serbs.
1999: Kosovo War – Albanians against Serbs.
2001+: War in Afghanistan – Taliban against USA.
2003–2011: Insurgents in Iraq – against USA.
Africa: Boko Haram (2004–present, Nigeria) against Christians; Al-Shabaab (Somalia) against Christians/West; ISIS in the Sahel (Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso) against Christians and governments.
2008: Mumbai attacks – Pakistani jihadists against India.
2014–2019: ISIS Caliphate – against Yazidis, Christians, Shiites, West.
2014–present: Hamas/Hezbollah against Israel (repeated operations).
2021: Taliban return – conquest of Afghanistan (against non-Muslim minorities).
1921: Moplah Uprising (India) – Attacks by the Mappila community against the Hindu population in Malabar, involving massacres and forced ideological changes.
Additional notes on specific regions:
Indian subcontinent: Hundreds of additional battles in the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire (against Rajputs, Vijayanagara, Ahom in Assam).
Africa: Additional jihads in the west (17th–19th centuries) against pagans; Arab slave trade in East Africa.
Asia: Timur’s conquests (1370–1405) in Central Asia, Persia, India, Georgia (against Christians); Mughal/Timurid raids.
Europe: Hundreds of Barbary raids + Ottoman wars in the Balkans (1700–1900); Crimean Tatar (Muslim) raids on Russia/Ukraine.
The list includes only Muslim initiatives against non-Muslims. Wars between Muslims are not included.
