Oscar Rodríguez-Mayoral

La Terapia Electroconvulsiva: - No aumenta el riesgo de demencia. - No aumenta el riesgo de infarto o ictus. - Reduce la mortalidad por suicidio. - Reduce la mortalidad global. DESINFORMAR MATA #estigma

La narcolepsia ha dejado de ser un trastorno “de síntomas” para convertirse en una patología de circuitos: una encefalopatía hipotalámica mediada por la pérdida selectiva de neuronas de orexina, con impacto sistémico que trasciende el sueño. La evidencia genética, neuropatológica e inmunológica la sitúa cada vez más cerca del espectro de enfermedades neuroinmunes, cuestionando clasificaciones basadas en cataplejía o latencias de sueño. En este contexto, los fenotipos frontera, la variabilidad en la biología de la orexina y las formas postinfecciosas evidencian que no estamos ante categorías discretas, sino ante un continuo fisiopatológico. La orexina —un integrador de vigilia, emoción, metabolismo y autonomía— proyecta ampliamente en el SNC, lo que explica la extensión clínica más allá del sueño. El giro conceptual es claro: de la nosología rígida a la estratificación por fenotipo, biomarcadores y mecanismos. Esto abre la puerta a intervenciones dirigidas —agonistas del receptor de orexina, inmunoterapia en fases tempranas, estrategias regenerativas— que buscan modificar la enfermedad y no solo paliar síntomas. En suma, la narcolepsia emerge como modelo experimental de la vulnerabilidad de los circuitos hipotalámicos y de la interacción entre sueño, emoción e inmunidad. frontiersin.org/journals/psych…

What is the relationship of apathy to depression and anhedonia? @sijiazhao92 led our newly published work on this to show that although many individuals qualify for the diagnostic criteria of 2 or even 3 of these clinical syndromes, some people suffer from only pure apathy, or pure depression or pure anhedonia. Furthermore, factor analysis reveals that these syndromes are highly dissociable suggesting there are separate mechanisms underlying each of them. jnnp.bmj.com/content/early/…

Depression is often treated as a single disorder. But clinically, not all depression is the same. Different subtypes have distinct symptom profiles, biology, and treatment responses. Here are 3 key depressive subtypes clinicians should recognise 👇🧵

PhD Students – Use this FREE tool to analyze data in 10 sec. This tool is used by more than 500,000 researchers. 1. Go to answerthis.io/home-2?ref=fah… 2. Click on Data Analysis and upload your data file. 3. Write your prompt for data analysis. 4. For example, generate graphs for data analysis. 5. @answerthisio will generate variety of graphs for you. 6. It also generates an insightful data analysis report. You can download the graphs and the report. Try AnswerThis today. It’s FREE. AnswerThis link: answerthis.io/home-2?ref=fah…

📌 This Review summarizes the current evidence on the effects of cannabis on commonly encountered mental health conditions and provides clinicians with basic information about cannabis pharmacology and biology. ja.ma/4s45hr1

Addiction is associated with reduced striatal D2 receptors and decreased activity in prefrontal regions such as OFC, ACC and DLPFC. This impairs inhibitory control and decision-making, while insula and salience network changes bias attention toward internal craving states and drug cues. Top-down regulation over striatal activity weakens, so bottom-up urges dominate, and the person repeatedly enacts the addictive habit.

GLP-1 and Addiction? Topiramate Would Like a Word🚨 ✅ GLP-1s are getting the attention (rightly so, as they are potent) , but this is not the first time we’ve seen pharmacology improve insulin sensitivity and modulate reward, craving, and compulsive patterns. Topiramate is standing there like: "I’ve been here the whole time." Worth keeping perspective. Topiramate : 1. Potentiation of GABA -A receptor-mediated inhibition, which decreases dopamine release in the cortico-mesolimbic system that mediates reward and reinforcement. 2. Blocking AMPA-type glutamate receptors, particularly in the nucleus paragigantocellularis, inhibits glutamatergic transmission, which may alleviate autonomic withdrawal symptoms by inhibiting noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus. 3. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition contributes to its anticonvulsant properties and might be beneficial in managing withdrawal symptoms. 4. Topiramate-mediated insulin sensitivity is mediated partly by modulation of hepatic insulin receptor isoforms, activation of tyrosine kinase, induction of GLUT2 and elevation of adiponectin receptors, as well as their ligand, adiponectin, besides its known improving effect on glucose tolerance and lipid homeostasis. More here: psychscenehub.com/psychinsights/…

Can Long-term Lithium Use Lead to Kidney Disorders Like Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (NDI)? Lithium has long been established as the first-line medication for Bipolar Disorder. However, clinical data indicate that while it's known for its psychiatric efficacy, renal toxicity is frequent, with the risks of NDI appearing as early as 8 weeks into therapy due to lithium-induced rapid downregulation of water channels. Here’s what clinicians need to know about the link between lithium and NDI:🧵👇

How Do Antipsychotics Induce Metabolic Dysfunction? Most assume that weight gain is the only side-effect of taking antipsychotics. However, clinical data reveal that these agents also induce metabolic dysfunction, both directly and indirectly, by increasing blood glucose independent of adiposity and leading to uncontrolled lipolysis via adipose tissue dysregulation. Here's a breakdown of how antipsychotics may induce metabolic dysfunction and what clinicians can do about it in practice:🧵👇

Mañana se presenta en la Academia Nacional de Medicina el libro: La Obesidad en México, tuve el gusto de participar como autor en dos capítulos sobre terapia cognitivo conductual y evaluación en salud mental del paciente con obesidad, los invito e consultarlo. 💁🏻‍♂️

Inflammation didn't predict esketamine response in new trial: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41740751 Or in meta-analysis of 26 earlier trials: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35760879 Meds below work better for inflammatory depression (hs-CRP ≥3) from Difficult to Treat Depression: amzn.to/3MZrNC6

Alzheimer’s may have a clock, and we can now read it from blood. A new Nature Medicine study shows an abnormal tau protein in blood can help predict not just who may develop Alzheimer’s, but when symptoms could begin. This could shift treatment years earlier, before memory loss starts. Still early. Not ready for routine testing yet. But this is a major step toward timing the disease, not just detecting it.

🧠💊 Litio y cambios cerebrales en trastorno bipolar 📊Revisión sistemática reciente (115 estudios): evidencia baja-moderada, pero consistente en múltiples técnicas de neuroimagen. El litio estabiliza el ánimo y también parece modificar circuitos cerebrales: 🔹 ↑ Volumen en hipocampo, amígdala, corteza prefrontal y ACC 🔹 ↑ Conectividad frontolímbica (regulación emocional) 🔹 ↑ Integridad de sustancia blanca 🔹 Posible efecto neuroprotector / “normalizador” 🔹 Asociado a mejor respuesta clínica (aunque con evidencia aún limitada) 👉 El litio sigue siendo una piedra angular, tanto clínica y neurobiológica en el trastorno bipolar. 🔗 doi.org/10.1038/s41398…

Enjoy! e-revna.com/index.php/edit…

When someone asks how my PhD is going...

@SickboyReyes @Sebyy71 Machine head

@Sebyy71 2112

Which album do you prefer? 👉 Rush - 2112 👉 Boston - Boston 👉 Deep Purple - Machine Head 👉 Led Zeppelin - Physical Graffiti

1️⃣ Derrocar a un dictador suena moralmente justo. Nadie llora por un tirano. Pero el derecho internacional no se construyó para proteger a los buenos, sino para contener a los poderosos. Por eso prohíbe la fuerza casi sin excepciones: no porque ignore la injusticia, sino porque sabe que, si cada país decide a quién “liberar” a balazos, el mundo vuelve a la ley del más fuerte. 2️⃣ El problema no es Maduro. El problema es el precedente. Cuando la fuerza militar se usa para cambiar gobiernos sin reglas claras, la soberanía deja de ser un límite y se vuelve un estorbo. Hoy es “derrocar a un dictador”; mañana será “corregir una elección”, “proteger intereses”, “restaurar el orden”. El derecho no absuelve dictaduras, pero tampoco legitima cruzadas unilaterales. 3️⃣ La pregunta incómoda no es si un tirano merece caer, sino quién decide cuándo y cómo. Porque la historia enseña algo brutal: sacar al dictador es fácil; construir justicia después, no. Y cuando la legalidad se rompe en nombre del bien, casi siempre lo que sigue no es libertad, sino caos, violencia y nuevas víctimas. El derecho existe para recordarnos eso, incluso cuando incomoda.

Lithium prevents dementia & suicide, even at very low doses. Studies show tiny amounts (1mg elemental lithium, ~5mg lithium carbonate) cut suicide rates by 50%. No minimum effective dose exists. Every bit helps! #MentalHealth #Lithium

ADHD isn’t just an “attention” problem. It’s impaired prefrontal regulation across distributed circuits (PFC–striatal–cerebellar–salience networks) that shape attention, inhibition, and emotion. Here’s how these circuits interact and what clinicians need to know about the neurobiology behind ADHD 🧵👇