Nicki Win(gate)field Almquist

Our latest review explores the key physiological factors limiting VO₂max and endurance performance 🚴‍♀️🏃 From oxygen delivery to muscle metabolism, we unpack what sets the upper limits of human performance 🚴‍♀️🏃 Read more: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.11…

Validity and Reliability of an On‐Bike Sensor System for the Determination of Aerodynamic Drag in Cycling onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.10…?

@JornTrommelen Honestly, I am quite convinced that it has hypertrophic effects. And maybe not so modest as one might think. I saw indications of it signallingwise in my sprint studies and we saw a similar tendancy for CSA in our recent meta analysis (Mølmen et al. 2024). Please investigate Jorn

@AlmquistNicki Thank you, Nicki. Not sure to be honest. Sprint training may have a hypertrophic effect, but if so, it seems likely to be smaller than many people expect. I would like to see more high-quality studies on SIT specifically. What is your view?

Does interval training boost muscle protein synthesis more than continuous exercise? HIIT vs MICT ✅ Within-participant design ✅ Unilateral cycling model ✅ MPS over 2 weeks International collab including: @mackingprof @gibalam Let’s break it down (1/10)

As always, very relevant research questions and gold-standard methods used by @JornTrommelen et al. Interesting to see whether sprint training is any different with regards to stimulating MPS as previously speculated.

@JornTrommelen As always Jorn, fantastic use of methods and very interesting research questions. Considering the picture used and recent indications related to sprint training leading to a hypertrophic response - any considerations there? Do you believe sprint training is stimulus for mps?

In conclusion, high-intensity interval training does not enhance myofibrillar protein synthesis rates when compared to volume- and duration-matched moderate intensity continuous exercise. Open-access link: journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/… 9/10

“Males are more fit than females” or what? Have a look at this well designed study in highly trained athletes on the sex differences in VO2max, O2 extraction and cardiac output during strenuous exercise. The supreme peak of physiological invasive methods provided by @Skattebo

Quite interesting finding by ⁦@mmateo_march⁩ et al. that top-10 level cyclists show superior cardiovascular responsiveness during races vs non-top10 i.e faster increases and decreases in HR in response to changes in power output sciencedirect.com/science/articl…

Great post about recovery for trained cyclists. Co-ingestion of PRO and CHO «maximises» aminoacid availability without compromising resynthesis of liver glycogen. However, whether this translates to improved performance the next day or over time is still questionable IMO?

@the_hough @stevemagness link.springer.com/article/10.100…

@stevemagness What study is the figure from?

You've probably seen headlines: High-Intensity Training is superior to easy aerobic running. But dig deeper and you'll notice a pattern: most of these studies are short: just 4 to 8 weeks. A recent review tells a fuller story. In the early weeks, HIT and Sprint Interval Training outperform easy endurance training (ET). But over the long haul… the story changes

@on3rivets @stevemagness @Alan_Couzens link.springer.com/article/10.100…

@stevemagness @Alan_Couzens Can you share a reference for this figure, thanks?

@stevemagness Thanks for sharing our meta: link.springer.com/article/10.100… Given the discussion in your feed I add som clarity. We did compare the effects of ET HIT and SIT when adjusting for time spent INCLUDING warm up, recovery and cool down. We also compared effects in different fitness levels.

@novezain Are you suggesting that performing higher intensity training in the general population increases the risk of cardiovascular incidences? Many studies find it to be quite beneficial in prevention and treatment of that so wouldnt expect so.

@AlmquistNicki I mean if they do excercise more than zone 2

In line with our recent meta analysis: «Current evidence does not support Zone 2 training as the optimal intensity for improving mitochondrial or fatty acid oxidative capacity. Prioritizing higher exercise intensities is critical to maximize cardiometabolic health»

Many athletes think they fuel well. But self-reported “nutrition awareness” doesn’t match reality. Our new article dives into: 🧠 The knowledge gap ⚡️ What carbs actually do 📉 Why low-carb training often backfires open.substack.com/pub/myranorge/… A short thread👇

Do you remember to warm up properly? Warming up in the heavy intensity domain «postpones fatigue development» during exhaustive cycling. This is possibly related to a reduction in metabolite accumulation and altered sarcolemmal excitability. journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/abst…

Carb intakes are increasing, but there is a wide uncertainty range in how much we actually expend, dependent on absolute workload, relative intensity, and gross metabolic efficiency Which factor has the biggest influence depends on where we are on the map

Does PRO+CHO enhance endurance performance? There remains no compelling evidence that co-ingesting PRO+CHO before/during exercise confer any advantage, nor facilitates the resynthesis of liver or muscle glycogen during REC when CHO recommendations are met link.springer.com/article/10.100…

@dwrowland Highly depends on when the hyperhydration is in use and how the athletes are able to drink during a race. Hot and flat lead-in to a climb would hypothetically be beneficial.

@AlmquistNicki Are you suggesting that there would be no benefit from this sort of hydration strategy? I would have thought that the weight could be significant for an uphill TT for example. But perhaps at the end of a mountain stage they would be in a better condition to perform?

In female endurance athletes, sodium hyperhydration improved cycling performance in the heat without increasing heart rate or core temperature. The effect was strongest during the high-progesterone phase of the menstrual cycle. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39591960/

@dwrowland So one would expect that they gained weight and eventually that would potentially affect their up-hill performance negatively or be of no significans.

@AlmquistNicki They did look at body mass (BM), and noted that "our findings suggest that acute BM gains from sodium-induced fluid retention do not impair female cyclists’ performance in controlled laboratory conditions". They didn't specifically look at W/kg as far as I could see.

Adapting to the heat from a cyclist’s POV. Nicely explained by ⁦@Nyborger_Nybo⁩ - great story Lars and easily digestible - «Copenhagen chill to desert heat Torill» physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.11…