Kateryna Stepanenko

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Kateryna Stepanenko

Kateryna Stepanenko

@KatStepanenko

🇺🇦🗽🇺🇸| Russia Team Lead @TheStudyofWar | Russian Cognitive Warfare, Kremlin Drama, Drones & Force Generation | opinions my own

Washington, DC Katılım Eylül 2012
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Kateryna Stepanenko
Kateryna Stepanenko@KatStepanenko·
The Kremlin will likely formally amend restrictions on mobilizing Russia’s active reserve to conduct rolling partial mobilization without declaring war on Ukraine or formally announcing that it is conducting a partial involuntary call up. A🧵our latest with @georgewbarros.
Institute for the Study of War@TheStudyofWar

WARNING: The Kremlin is Preparing to Mobilize Reservists on a Rolling Basis to Fight in Ukraine for the First Time: isw.pub/UKRWARNO101325 Note: This warning does not suggest that the Kremlin is likely to undertake a single large-scale mobilization at this time. Key Takeaway ⬇️ Russia may begin to mobilize members of Russia’s active reserve on a rolling basis to sustain its combat operations in Ukraine, but it is unlikely to conduct a large-scale involuntary reserve mobilization to expand the size of the Russian military dramatically at this time. The creation of a mechanism for small, rolling mobilizations would be a major inflection in Russia’s force generation strategy, which so far has sought to generate recruits through growing financial incentives and sign-up bonuses to avoid mass compulsory mobilization after the challenging involuntary reserve call up of late 2022. The Russian Cabinet of Ministers’ Commission on Legislative Activity passed a new draft amendment that effectively removes the current legal barriers against deploying reservists to combat in the absence of an officially declared mobilization or war. Russia’s existing “pay-to-play” system for generating recruits is likely hitting diminishing returns and is forcing the Kremlin to adopt a different approach using rolling compulsory mobilization of reservists to sustain its manpower in the face of its continuing high casualty rate in Ukraine.

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Samuel Bendett
Samuel Bendett@sambendett·
1/2 Rus mil bloggers are lamenting an even greater centralization of Russian weapons/systems development and manufacturing under Rostec state corporation, fearing such a move would stifle (all) innovation by smaller start-ups that have sprung up since 2022. t.me/UAVDEV/11292
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Institute for the Study of War
Institute for the Study of War@TheStudyofWar·
The Kremlin is expanding its cognitive warfare infrastructure to shape the global narrative for years to come. The Kremlin has been cultivating a network of foreign media outlets, content creators, and journalists through partnerships, outreach, and media education around the globe. ISW is launching an interactive map displaying Russian cooperation agreements with foreign media outlets — a key pillar of Russia’s cognitive warfare effort. ISW will regularly update this interactive map to reflect the new layers of adversarial cognitive warfare infrastructure. (1/3)
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Latvia Mission to the UN | #StandWithUkraine🇺🇦
🇱🇻🇩🇪 The Permanent Missions to the @UN of Latvia and Germany co-hosted an informal briefing with the @TheStudyofWar Russia and 🇺🇦 Ukraine Team. 🎙️ ~70 Ambassadors, military advisors, experts, and journalists joined a valuable discussion on Russia’s war against Ukraine, testing the international rules-based system and reshaping modern warfare through technology and information. 🙏 Thank you Kateryna Stepanenko and Christina Harward for the insightful exchange. 📲 More from ISW: 🔗 understandingwar.org
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Institute for the Study of War
Institute for the Study of War@TheStudyofWar·
"Late last year Putin signed several decrees allowing for members of Russia’s military reserve to be called up for specific tasks and training, a move analysts from @TheStudyofWar have warned may pave the way for rolling involuntary or covert mobilizations." Read more below from @KatStepanenko interview with @CNN on Russia's recruitment crunch ⬇️
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Institute for the Study of War
Institute for the Study of War@TheStudyofWar·
MORE: Ukrainian forces’ increasing strikes against Russian air defense systems and drone interception rates have facilitated recent Ukrainian battlefield successes. ⬇️ Ukrainian forces in Winter 2025-2026 and Spring 2026 have made their most significant gains on the battlefield since Ukraine’s incursion into Kursk Oblast in August 2024 and have liberated the most territory in Ukraine itself since the 2023 counteroffensive. Ukrainian Unmanned Systems Forces (USF) Commander Major Robert “Magyar” Brovdi reported on April 9 that USF forces have destroyed nine Russian air defense systems in occupied Ukraine since April 1. Ukrainian USF forces have increasingly intercepted Russian drones since late February and March 2026, intercepting a total of 2,975 in January, 3,679 in February, and 7,674 in March 2026. Interceptor drones have important tactical battlefield implications as Russian forces rely on drones to disrupt Ukrainian defenses, which, in turn, enables Russian advances and prevents Ukrainian advances. Ukraine’s increasing interceptions of Russian drones are therefore contributing to slowing Russian advances and permitting Ukrainian counterattacks. Ukraine’s defensive successes, drone adaptations, and mid-range strike campaign are creating compounding effects that are degrading Russian frontline forces.
Institute for the Study of War tweet media
Institute for the Study of War@TheStudyofWar

1/ NEW: Russian and Ukrainian reporting appears to confirm battlefield reporting that Ukrainian forces have achieved a drone advantage over Russian forces on the battlefield. Ukraine’s drone advantage is likely contributing to the stalling of Russian advances and recent Ukrainian counterattacks. Other Key Takeaways: Ukrainian forces’ increasing strikes against Russian air defense systems and drone interception rates have facilitated recent Ukrainian battlefield successes. Unverified reporting suggests that the Kremlin privately acknowledges Ukraine’s upper hand in drone operations on the battlefield and defense industrial base (DIB) production. The Kremlin is deploying Russian military vessels to escort Russian sanctions-evading tankers through the English Channel. Russian forces continue to conduct covert submarine operations near British undersea fiber-optic cables and pipelines in the North Atlantic Ocean. Ukrainian forces used drones to destroy a Russian-controlled bridge in occupied Kherson Oblast, possibly for the first time in combat history. Ukrainian forces recently advanced in the Kupyansk direction. Russian forces launched 119 drones against Ukraine.

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Institute for the Study of War
Institute for the Study of War@TheStudyofWar·
NEW | Special Report: The Kremlin’s Expanding Media Conglomerate (1/2) The Kremlin has been cultivating a network of foreign media outlets, content creators, and journalists by forming partnerships, conducting outreach, and fostering media education across the globe. Russian news agencies and broadcasters have been engaging in a deliberate effort to sign cooperation agreements with foreign media outlets. Russia has prioritized the People's Republic of China, Iran, and India in its media outreach since the full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The Kremlin will likely intensify its efforts to expand the media conglomerate over the coming years, especially as the United States is reducing its global media outreach.
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George Barros
George Barros@georgewbarros·
New imagery collected on March 27 shows a large fire at the Ust-Luga oil terminal in northern Russia. Multiple oil storage tanks are on fire and dark smoke is billowing from the area. 📷@vantortech
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Euromaidan Press
Euromaidan Press@EuromaidanPress·
The "Narva People's Republic" now has a flag, a coat of arms, and a Telegram network. Ukraine saw this playbook in 2014 – now it's appearing in a NATO member state. The same "People's Republic" branding that preceded Russia's Donbas occupation is targeting Estonia's border region. euromaidanpress.com/2026/03/17/nar…
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Kateryna Stepanenko
Kateryna Stepanenko@KatStepanenko·
ISW recently assessed that Ukrainian forces were likely able to rapidly advance in the Oleksandrivka direction after infiltrating dispersed Russian positions in poor weather conditions & suppressing Russian drone-based defenses. x.com/TheStudyofWar/…
Institute for the Study of War@TheStudyofWar

NEW: Ukrainian forces advanced 10 to 12 kilometers deep in two separate drives in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast that have reportedly liberated more than 400 square kilometers since late January 2026. 🧵(1/3) Ukrainian forces conducted mutually supporting drives in the Hulyaipole and Oleksandrivka directions in late 2025 and early 2026, respectively, to push Russian forces from Dnipropetrovsk Oblast and to undermine Russian preparations for a spring offensive. Ukrainian forces were likely able to rapidly advance in the Oleksandrivka direction after infiltrating dispersed Russian positions in poor weather conditions and suppressing Russian drone-based defenses. SpaceX’s blocking of Russia’s Starlink satellite connection in Ukraine in early February 2026 likely also enabled Ukrainian advances in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast. Russian President Vladimir Putin continues to exaggerate Russian battlefield advances despite Ukrainian forces’ recent liberation of significant territory in southern Ukraine. Ukrainian counterattacks in southern Ukraine are likely interfering with the anticipated Russian spring-summer 2026 offensives in Donetsk Oblast and southern Ukraine despite Putin’s claims of Russian battlefield successes. Russia also continues to suffer massive losses on the battlefield that will continue to hinder Russia’s ability to achieve its sweeping goals for the spring-summer 2026 campaign. Ukrainian forces are intensifying their theater-wide mid-range strike campaign against Russian logistics, military equipment, and manpower, which will likely also interfere with the Russian spring-summer 2026 offensive. Kremlin officials provided varying accounts of US President Donald Trump’s statements about a ceasefire in Ukraine during his March 9 call with Putin. Putin continued to call on the US to halt its ongoing military operation in the Middle East while refusing to end Russia’s own war in Ukraine. The Russian government is reportedly considering a bill that would grant the Russian president powers for extraterritorial military operations to protect Russian citizens abroad.

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Kateryna Stepanenko
Kateryna Stepanenko@KatStepanenko·
Russian milbloggers are complaining that Ukrainians are overwhelming Russian positions with hundreds of drones - which reportedly contributed to Ukrainian shaping operations ahead of the counterattacks in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast. x.com/JayinKyiv/stat…
Jay in Kyiv@JayinKyiv

Russians at the front are complaining that Ukrainian forces over overwhelming them with swarms of 300-400 drones which are then followed by mobile infantry that advance through their positions.

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Center for Countering Disinformation
⚡️ russian propaganda has intensified an old disinformation campaign about the alleged "sale of Western weapons by Ukraine on the black market," using the context of events in the Middle East. ✅ In reality, this is fabricated material.
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