Jon Bowlin
20.1K posts



A quick note on the “all men” in Rom 5:18 (NAS): “So then as through one transgression there resulted condemnation to 𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐦𝐞𝐧, even so through one act of righteousness there resulted justification of life to 𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐦𝐞𝐧.” It is people who do not understand Pauline theology or biblical NT theology in general (or those regularly engaging in 𝘴𝘺𝘴𝘵𝘦𝘮𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘤, not 𝘦𝘹𝘦𝘨𝘦𝘵𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘭 theology, which you can tell by the books they buy and display) who are perplexed about who the “all men” are, as if it is difficult. It is not complicated. It is a regular Pauline pattern to switch between the category of all 𝘪𝘯 𝘈𝘥𝘢𝘮 and all 𝘪𝘯 𝘊𝘩𝘳𝘪𝘴𝘵, and to make various predications of all of all in each group. This happens frequently, not just in this passage. It is also common for Paul to use enthymemes, so that 𝘩𝘦 𝘭𝘦𝘢𝘷𝘦𝘴 𝘴𝘰𝘮𝘦 𝘱𝘳𝘦𝘮𝘪𝘴𝘦𝘴 𝘰𝘳 𝘪𝘥𝘦𝘢𝘴 𝘶𝘯𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘥, as he assumes his audience is reading his words in context (not bits and pieces broken up into verses) or following his flow of thought. Consequently, the first part in 5:18 really means “all men [in Adam],” with the bracketed idea being the enthymeme, and the second part really means “all men [in Christ],” with that bracketed part also being an enthymeme. This is not speculation either. Look at the color-coded picture below to see the pattern more clearly. One can see the same Pauline pattern in this verse: NKJ 1 Cor 15:22: “For as in Adam all [who are in him] die, even so in Christ all [who are in him] shall be made alive. The “made alive” is not talking about a general future resurrection (just because it is systematically true that it will be Christ who raises both the disobedient as well as the obedient), but about a glorious resurrection to eternal life for all who are in Christ by spiritual generation and faith, or “those who are Christ’s [or who belong to Him] at His coming” (15:23), as the context, again, indicates. By “in Adam,” Paul means all who are naturally born from him, and who remain outside of Christ. They are conceived and participate in Adam’s fallen nature and still abide in him. By “in Christ,” Paul means all who are spiritually born in Him by the Spirit, and so share in Christ’s nature. This idea, again, is not difficult to understand. He is not talking about groups or categories that do not yet exist, but of concrete individuals sharing either nature, either by way of natural generation or by spiritual generation. Moreover, “the many” still means “all,” not “some of all.” It is either all of all in Adam, or all of all in Christ, not some of all who are in Adam, or some of all who are in Christ. Explaining this should be unnecessary, but it is the usually decretally-minded systematicians (i.e., those delving in systematic theology almost exclusively) who make it unnecessarily difficult, and so somewhat complicated to explain to them. Because they are system-brained, they often read “many” as if it means “some of all,” instead of “all of all” within various categories. If one looks at the color-coded picture, they can see that each instance of “the many” means “all of all,” but within groups: either all of all in Adam, or all of all in Christ. “Many” is a Hebraism that is often contrasted with “a few,” not “some” as opposed to “all.” For a proper understanding of “many” as a Hebraism for “all,” see Jeremias, “Πολλοί,” in Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, 10 vols. (Eerdmans, 1964–), 6:536–545; Joachim Jeremias, The Eucharistic Words of Jesus (Oxford, 1955), 123–25; I. Howard Marshall, “Universal Grace and Atonement in the Pastoral Epistles,” in The Grace of God and the Will of Man, ed. Clark Pinnock (Bethany House Publishers, 1989), 59–61; Friedrich Graber, “All, Many,” in New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology, 4 vols., ed. Lothar Coenen, Erich Beyreuther, and Hans Bietenhard (Zondervan Publishing House, 1986) 1:94–97. See also Zwingli’s Annotations on Isa 24:22 in Jeff Fisher and Timothy George, eds., Isaiah 1–39, vol. Xa of Reformation Commentary on Scripture (IVP Academic, 2024), 230, and Martin Luther’s comments on Rom 5:15 in What Luther Says: A Practical In-Home Anthology for the Active Christian, ed. Ewald M. Plass (Concordia, 1959), 608 (#1857). Also, see David Ponter’s references in Calvin under the subheading “when ‘the many’ is all,” calvinandcalvinism.com/?p=230.



































Same Bible. Different doctrines. Different churches. Different moral teachings. Different "gospels." The fruit of sola Scriptura is chaos, anarchy, and disunity. The one true Church is not found in Protestantism, because Protestantism is the antithesis of "one."



I love ❤️ how this generation is massively abandoning religion.


A bedrock principle of America’s founding was religious freedom, not a national religion. Theocracy is the stuff of ISIS. nytimes.com/2026/05/17/us/…



Every second, the Sun ejects 1.5 million tons of material into space at hundreds of miles per second, but Earth's magnetic field protects it from the solar wind. 📽: NASA Goddard





