Max Bergmann

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Max Bergmann

Max Bergmann

@maxbergmann

Director Europe, Russia, Eurasia @csis. Host EuroFile/RussianRoulette. Fmr State Department (PM/T/SP). Dad, husband. Largely at @maxbergmann.bsky.social

Washington DC Katılım Haziran 2009
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Danny (Dennis) Citrinowicz ,داني سيترينوفيتش
A brief summary of last night’s events: A. Iran emerged with the upper hand. It demonstrated once again that it will not hesitate to raise the level of escalation to defend its strategic assets — without any retreat on the issue of the Strait of Hormuz. This was entirely predictable. B. Yet another indication that this war lacks a coherent, pre-planned strategy. Once the regime did not collapse early on, it is no longer clear what the overarching strategy actually is. C. Trump was aware of the strike, but chose to look the other way once tensions escalated. This reflects an ongoing gap between Washington which may still be interested in preserving a future-facing Iran and Israel, whose approach appears aimed at systematically degrading the country’s entire infrastructure. D. The strike itself seems to have been driven by frustration: Iran is not yielding, and there is a desire to force outcomes (such as opening the Strait of Hormuz) without committing ground forces — and before external pressure brings the campaign to a halt. E. The strategic failure so far leaves Trump facing a difficult choice: escalate dramatically, potentially including boots on the ground, or move to stop the campaign now. F. At this stage, the fundamental questions remain unanswered: What is the ultimate objective? What are the exit ramps? What does success even look like? G. Instead, the conflict is drifting into a war of attrition — with no clear signs of regime collapse in Iran. Meanwhile, the president, having committed to the idea that Iran has effectively capitulated, may find it difficult to disengage while facing a visible disadvantage in the maritime arena and no resolution to the nuclear issue. Bottom line, last night’s events underscored just how unstructured this campaign has become — lacking strategic clarity, long-term planning, and a defined end state. At the same time, they exposed growing gaps between Israel and the United States, gaps that may widen further if similar outcomes repeat. And as always..just because something is operationally feasible does not mean it is strategically wise. One more point that must be stated clearly — Iran is not close to capitulating. #IranWar
Barak Ravid@BarakRavid

🚨After the first Iranian missile strike, Qatari officials contacted White House envoy Steve Witkoff, CENTCOM commanders and other senior Trump administration officials and demanded to know whether the U.S. had prior knowledge of the Israeli strike, per source with knowledge

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Jorge Liboreiro
Jorge Liboreiro@JorgeLiboreiro·
Quite a picture from @AP: Viktor Orbán watches from outside the main table as Volodymyr Zelenskyy speaks to EU leaders via video link.
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Kate from Kharkiv
Kate from Kharkiv@BohuslavskaKate·
Merz roasting AfD in Bundestag: "Ladies and gentlemen, the reality of life for people in Ukraine is different from what you experience at your cocktail receptions at the Russian embassy here in Berlin or during luxurious trips to Moscow." (Applause) Watch Alice Weidel's face.
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Jan Rosenow
Jan Rosenow@janrosenow·
Spain's renewables build-out has structurally decoupled its electricity prices from gas markets. Gas now sets the price in only 15% of hours, compared to 90% in Italy. Countries that invested early in clean power are far less exposed to fossil fuel price shocks.
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POLITICOEurope
POLITICOEurope@POLITICOEurope·
Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez’s condemnation of the U.S. and Israel’s attack on Iran initially made him an outlier in Europe. Now everyone wants in. politico.eu/article/spain-…
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CSIS
CSIS@CSIS·
LIVE | As Europe assumes greater responsibility for its security, Minister Pevkur of the Republic of Estonia joins @maxbergmann to discuss the future of transatlantic security and how European cooperation can strengthen Estonia’s security. Watch here: csis.org/events/estonia…
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Alexandra Prokopenko
Moscow's ideal scenario for a Middle East war is not a swift victory or a catastrophic escalation, but a conflict of moderate duration and intensity that keeps oil prices high without significantly disrupting the global economy. We are not there yet. Despite the oil windfall, the Kremlin is preparing budget cuts. The one untouchable area – military expenditure – remains predictably unaffected.
The Bell@thebell_io

✂️ Oil Boom Won’t Shield Russia From Billion-Dollar Spending Cuts Despite the unexpected windfall of a Middle East conflict pushing oil prices higher, the Russian government has begun pressing ahead with sweeping spending cuts worth billions of dollars. “Spending cuts will kill the last bit of economic growth,” a senior official at the Ministry of Economic Development told The Bell. According to Vedomosti, at the start of the year Russia’s Finance Ministry notified all ministries of a 10% across-the-board reduction in spending. Bloomberg estimates the largest possible cut would amount to around 2 trillion rubles ($25 billion), or 0.8% of GDP — though The Bell’s own calculations suggest a more likely range of 0.5–1 trillion rubles ($6–12 billion). So-called “unprotected” budget lines will be first in line for cuts: national projects, infrastructure investment and road construction. Although the Finance Ministry wields considerable authority, sequestration is far from inevitable and is already facing pushback. “The plan is not to cut what is inflated, but what is left — and that’s just crumbs,” said one official at the Ministry of Economic Development. “This year, there is not much room. A transition period could be considered going forward,” a government official agreed. The cuts stem from structural long-term shortfalls. The budget rests on implausibly optimistic assumptions — oil at $59 a barrel, a rate of 92.2 rubles to the dollar — and authorities are banking on $15 billion from a VAT hike that looks increasingly unlikely to materialise amid slowing growth. ➡️ For the first three years of the war, the budget ran fat. Now, with belts tightening and the war still ongoing, civilian spending is the only lever left to pull — even as it has already been squeezed to the bone.

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Brad Setser
Brad Setser@Brad_Setser·
On the eve of St. Paddy's day I raise a glass to my Irish friends -- offer a toast their international tax wizardry. Every international tax initiative, and every US tax reform, somehow ends up increasing the Irish corporate tax take ... 1/ cfr.org/articles/the-l…
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Bloomberg
Bloomberg@business·
Elon Musk’s X, the social network formerly known as Twitter, has agreed to change its verification mechanism in the European Union following a fine of €120 million ($138 million) bloomberg.com/news/articles/…
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Foreign Affairs
Foreign Affairs@ForeignAffairs·
For decades, European countries have relied on the United States to defend them, writes @maxbergmann. Now, “the most effective way European states can defend themselves without Washington’s backing is to integrate their defense efforts.” foreignaffairs.com/europe/europe-…
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Mujtaba Rahman
Mujtaba Rahman@Mij_Europe·
Incredible scenes from today's pro-Magyar, anti-Orban rally in Budapest. Only 4 weeks left until the most consequential election in the EU this year 🇪🇺🇭🇺
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Scarlett’s Movie Musings
Scarlett’s Movie Musings@ScarletCinema·
“But, as you see, it's a beautiful day, the Strait of Hormuz is open and people are having a wonderful time!”
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John Bolton
John Bolton@AmbJohnBolton·
I favor regime change in Iran, but I'm deeply worried that inadequate preparation will prevent that goal from being achieved. There seem to be holes in the strategy, from the lack of coordination with the opposition, to the lapse in preparing the American people ahead of the attack. npr.org/2026/03/11/nx-…
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John Raymond Hanger 
John Raymond Hanger @johnrhanger·
Long Duration Battery Boom Begins! 9.6 GWh of LDES deployed in 2025. ~35 GWh of LDES in 2026. 422 GWh in pipeline. LDES makes reliable 95% plus wind & solar grids possible around world. RE & Batteries are coming for fossil fuels. bloomberg.com/news/articles/… #energysky
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Alex Ward
Alex Ward@alexbward·
NEW: Gen. Caine briefed Trump several times that an American attack could prompt Iran to close the Strait of Hormuz.  Trump acknowledged the risk but told his team Tehran would likely capitulate before closing the strait—and if Iran tried, the U.S. military could handle it.
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Janis Kluge
Janis Kluge@jakluge·
Russia cannot produce more oil than it did in recent months. So there won't be any additional supply. There was just a backlog of tankers with Russian oil that will be unloaded now. The effect on markets will be tiny. Still, Russia gets billions, as discounts on Russian oil fall.
Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent@SecScottBessent

.@POTUS is taking decisive steps to promote stability in global energy markets and working to keep prices low as we address the threat and instability posed by the terrorist Iranian regime. To increase the global reach of existing supply, @USTreasury is providing a temporary authorization to permit countries to purchase Russian oil currently stranded at sea. This narrowly tailored, short-term measure applies only to oil already in transit and will not provide significant financial benefit to the Russian government, which derives the majority of its energy revenue from taxes assessed at the point of extraction. President Trump's pro-energy policies have driven U.S. oil and gas production to record levels, contributing to lower fuel prices for hardworking Americans. The temporary increase in oil prices is a short-term and temporary disruption that will result in a massive benefit to our nation and economy in the long-term.

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