Kofi@0xKofi
The Nigerian government has detained two Binance employees for almost a month now.
They are accusing the exchange of causing the rapid depreciation of Nigeria's currency, the naira.
How did we get here?
Nigeria ranks second in the world for grassroots crypto adoption (Source: @Chainalysis 2023 Geography of Cryptocurrency Report)
The reason is simple. The value of the naira is volatile. Today, 1 dollar will buy you 1,410 naira. At the start of January, it would have bought you 900 naira.
People have been buying stablecoins and tokens to secure the value of their savings.
So what's the problem?
Crypto exchanges are playing a big role in establishing unofficial market prices for the Naira. The prices quoted on Binance are often used as a benchmark for local currency trading.
This is where the tension comes in.
The Naira to Tether rate on Binance P2P is usually lower than the dollar to Naira rate you'd find at a bank. And that caught the Nigerian government's attention.
In theory, this shouldn't be a problem. The Nigerian government said they were happy for the market to set the Naira rate when they ended its years-long currency peg last year.
In practice, they prefer for the banks to control the pace at which the currency changes value.
So, the government isn't happy, and there have been accusations of rate setting.
But Binance isn't setting the naira exchange rate. Nigerians use Binance's p2p product, where the market of buyers and sellers determines the rate.
What happens next?
It's unclear how this story will end. Hopefully, the employees will be released. That will require Binance to strike a deal with the Nigerian government.
The Federal High Court has demanded data on all Nigerian Binance users. And I'd guess a fine would need to be paid to speed up the release of the Binance employees.
But this is a worrying signal re crypto's future in emerging markets.
Developing countries like Nigeria are the places crypto has the highest utility. But they are also where it poses the greatest threat to central authorities. and therefore where it might face the most aggressive pushback from governments.