James Boike

Cascadian Dynamism™ startups are ripping. Nine months after @ascend_vc published our market map, 16 of those companies landed more than $2 billion in funding, adding hundreds of deeply specialized engineering jobs, standing up manufacturing capacity, and turning overlooked industrial spaces into operating infrastructure. We've seen old fisheries (!) and airport hangars being converted into beautiful production floors for satellites, autonomy, and energy systems. That momentum sits in tension with the prevailing narrative. For the past few years, the story around Seattle and the broader Pacific Northwest has centered on outmigration and capital flight. Most of that is justified, but less discussed is the cohort moving in the opposite direction, founders and operators choosing to build here, close to the environments their products are meant to serve. (copy and images courtesy @Natebek)

I've used em-dashes my whole life — they add rhythm and grace to writing. But now they're an AI tell. Can we get a grandfather clause for those of us who were fluent in em-dashes before ChatGPT launched in November 2022?

@Taylor_Soper Wow wow wow Taylor, congratulations to you and the team you're joining! What a run!

I’ve spent more than a decade meeting startup founders in Seattle, learning about their businesses and sharing their stories. Now I’m ready to work alongside founders and help boost the next generation of technology startups at the AI2 Incubator as the new director of AI House.

@philgomes The irony...

I don't know what's in the water today, but let me just say this out loud: The first marketing services vendor who 1) has any idea of Fedi's business, and 2) can pitch me without insulting my intelligence or work ethic, is guaranteed a 30-minute call for them to pitch their wares. I might regret this, but it's not like my email spam and DMs can get much worse in this regard.

@lulumeservey This is great data but it also shows the complexity in media work. Tomas was the largest sales lever by far. Tomas posted after he read Casey's post. Casey posted after he read a feature in traditional media (MIT Tech Review). Traditional media reaches independent experts too.

Look at this list of publications and sales conversions The top 5 are three Suþstacks and two personal blogs, averaging $2900 Then come the six large national outlets averaging $204, and not in the order most people expect This does not mean you shouldn’t spend time on traditional media: it can be useful to reach a mainstream audience, establish credentials, or even subject yourself to scrutiny But know that that distribution size does not map to sales conversion Thanks to Andrew for sharing this

As of today Voyager 1 is one light-day from Earth - 25.9 billion km (16.1 billion miles) away. A radio signal now takes 24 hours to reach it. In ~50 years, it has traveled about 1/1500th of the way to Alpha Centauri, our nearest star at 4.27 light-years. The Universe is incredibly vast. 🛰️

@howardanglin What? Warren Buffett gave $43.3 billion to the Gates Foundation from 2006 through 2024. gatesfoundation.org/about/foundati…

Buffet has commissioned no plays, no poems, no symphonies, no operas, no ballets; funded no paintings or sculptures that will outlive him; endowed no theatres, choirs, or orchestras; built no monuments, great homes, museums, churches, monasteries, chantries, baptistries, almshouses, or civic buildings that future generations will marvel at and enjoy.* He has added less to the common stock of civilisation than any man as wealthy before him. He's right that greatness does not come about through accumulating great amounts of money, which is what he is known for, but beyond that it's fortune cookie-level advice. It's not wrong, but that's about it. * His partner, Charlie Munger's contribution to architecture was to fund factory-like college dorms in which a majority of the apartments don't have windows.

@timoreilly Great point and counterpoint. But is the distinction clearer and more important if you replace "work" with "problem-solving"?

In a recent newsletter, Ben Thompson called a portion of Jensen Huang’s keynote at NVidia’s GPU Technology Conference (GTC) in DC “an excellent articulation of the thesis that the AI market is orders of magnitude bigger than the software market.” While I’m loath to contradict as astute an observer as Thompson, I’m not sure I agree. Huang’s argument ran as follows: “Software of the past, and this is a profound understanding, a profound observation of artificial intelligence, that the software industry of the past was about creating tools. Excel is a tool. Word is a tool. A web browser is a tool. The reason why I know these are tools is because you use them. The tools industry, just as screwdrivers and hammers, the tools industry is only so large. In the case of IT tools, they could be database tools, [the market for] these IT tools is about a trillion dollars or so. But AI is not a tool. AI is work. That is the profound difference. AI is, in fact, workers that can actually use tools. One of the things I’m really excited about is the work that Aravind’s doing at Perplexity. Perplexity, using web browsers to book vacations or do shopping. Basically, an AI using tools. Cursor is an AI, an agentic AI system that we use at Nvidia. Every single software engineer at Nvidia uses Cursor. That’s improved our productivity tremendously. It’s basically a partner for every one of our software engineers to generate code, and it uses a tool, and the tool it uses is called VS Code. So Cursor is an AI, agentic AI system. that uses VS Code.” At first this seems like an important observation, and one that justifies the sky high valuation of AI companies. But it really doesn’t hold up to closer examination. “AI is not a tool. AI is work. That is the profound difference. AI is, in fact, workers that can use tools.” Really? Any complex software system is a worker that can use tools! Think about the Amazon website. It is definitely a worker that can use tools. Here is some of the work it does, and the tools that it invokes: * Helps the user search a product catalog containing millions of items using not just data retrieval tools but indices that take into account hundreds of factors; * Compares those items with other similar items, considering product reviews and price; * Calls a tool that calculates taxes based on the location of the purchaser; * Calls a tool that takes payment and another that sends it to the bank, possibly via one or more intermediaries; * Collects (or stores and retrieves) shipping information; * Dispatches instructions to a mix of robots and human warehouse workers; * Dispatches instructions to a fleet of delivery drivers; * Follows up by text and/or email and asks the customer how the delivery was handled; And far more. Every web application of any complexity is a worker that uses tools and does work that humans used to do. And often does it better and far faster. Amazon is a particularly telling example, but far from unique. Even the analogy to hammers and screwdrivers is overblown. An old fashioned screwdriver or hammer may just be a tool, but an electric screwdriver or nail driver also actually does work. A plow is a tool, but a tractor does work. A horse drawn wagon is a tool, but an auto with an engine does work. Ships used to take hundreds or even thousands of sailors to manage, but now they can run with a small crew, because the machines do so much of the work.  And so on. Self driving cars are closer to the mark, and to some extent, the kind of agentic AI shown in powerful AI software development systems. But come on. Today’s AI systems are still tools. Just very powerful ones. The boundaries are far blurrier than the hype machine would have us believe. stratechery.com/2025/nvidia-gt…

@patrickc ..."built from nickels and dimes." Beautiful building.

I was walking to the office in New York this morning and noticed an arrestingly beautiful high-rise above me. Turns out it was the Woolworth building, which I'm a bit embarrassed to say I'd never noticed or heard of before. It was the tallest building in the world for 16 years (until 1929). Construction took 20 months. The architect was apparently inspired by European cathedrals; one clergyman called it "the cathedral of commerce". It contained its own power plant. It's adorned with the full Gothic package: gargoyles, spandrels, mullions, pilasters, corbels. It contained the world's fastest elevators when it opened. The world is a museum of passion projects.

@Callisto399542 @Erdayastronaut x.com/boikej/status/…

@boikej @Erdayastronaut Wasn't Cybertruck a failure for Tesla? I think Starship is much better, and pushes many more boundaries

I've been reflecting on the Starship program the last week and one thing has become obvious to me. SpaceX is enjoying the freedom to try and fail in a way they couldn't with Falcon 9. Doing anything "experimental" on the Falcon 9 was risky because it was SpaceX's only source of income, it was their lifeline, their work horse. Making any tweaks to the Falcon 9 to try and land a booster back in the day was a delicate balance. Don't push the envelope too hard because it could lead to a failure of the primary mission (which did happen twice). When SpaceX first landed a booster almost 10 years ago, they were fairly slow to refly and those first non "block 5" boosters were only capable of a couple of re-flights. This gave pause to some in the industry / community fearing all this reusability hype wasn't going to pan out. But SpaceX learned from every landing attempt to develop their Block 5 Falcon 9 which has now gone on to have a single booster fly 30 missions. Absolutely unheard of. Now imagine if SpaceX could've had the freedom to not worry about flying customer payloads to get data during Falcon 9's reusability campaign. Imagine if they could've tested engine out procedures or push booster reentry profiles, or try hot staging, or what have you. This is the phase that SpaceX is in now during the Starship program. I know we hear the talking point of "today's payload is data" and it could seem like a gimmick or excuse even, but that's a freedom almost no rocket program has had before. To know you can just try things out, fly real life hardware, without bankrupting the company, is the ultimate development platform. To be able to push engine out capabilities, remove heat shield tiles on purpose, test reentry profiles, have failures, have set backs, discover flaws, learn operations. When people say things like "Starship hasn't even reached orbit yet" are completely missing the point. They're not just trying to reach orbit, they're trying to do something that's never been done, build a rapidly reusable rocket. A rocket that can land and refly. This has never been done before and honestly it's silly to think you COULD do something like this without trying some extreme things. That's what we're seeing today, and that's extremely exciting to me. I can't wait to see version 3 of Starship fly because they've learned so many lessons already and they have a factory capable of making rockets at scale, and we just get to sit back and watch the cook. It's an exciting time to be alive.

You missed the point of Tim's original post. It's about getting to a product where they could experiment and take risks. Cybertruck's 800v architecture, steer by wire, the design as a whole -- good product or bad, it's all definitely a huge risk that they couldn't have taken with the cars before it.

@boikej @Erdayastronaut Uh, not a good analogy at all.

@jasonfried hey.jey!

@ADoricko @a16z

I love @a16z but the rebrand is a mistake We need to build the future, something new This is yearning for a past that failed

@gruber See also: any overlay of tariff news on chart of S&P swings.

Trump, in January 2024, when the stock market was hitting record highs for consecutive days under Biden, claimed credit and attributed it to his being ahead in the polls. So, per Trump, the “Trump stock market” was when Biden was in office, and the “Biden stock market” is now, when Trump has been in office spearheading 100 days of disruption. Got it. yahoo.com/news/trump-cla…

@thesamparr @typesfast @paulg x.com/Overlap_Tech/s…

@boikej @typesfast @paulg What did he say

Life update: Joe and I are now the CEOs of Hampton It was actually a quote from Palmer Luckey that made me want to go all in… (I talk about it in the video below if you want to hear it) Palmer's basically saying something that hit me hard: in business, life, and romance - you gotta commit to a path I want Hampton to be a legacy creating company and that probably won’t happen unless I completely put my flavor into it. I think a lot of founders are in a similar situation - but by keeping all options open, you end up jumping between them... and ultimately failing at all of them

@adcock_brett "People who are serious about software should make their own hardware..."

Good clip on the top 3 biggest challenges of starting Figure Remember, great hardware is the key for AI distribution into the physical world

@BillAckman @X @EPotterMD @UHC Thank you Bill for such a thorough and intellectually honest response. What about Clare Locke? You said good things about them in your two posts on this issue. They are not simply a messenger. They seem to be a highly knowledgeable participant in this hostile and flawed system.

I promised to come back to @X after I investigated the facts concerning @EPotterMD's video post about @UHC and its health insurance subsidiary, UnitedHealthcare. To review, I made an @X post in response to Dr. Potter's videos and X posts about an overzealous representative of United Healthcare ("UNH") that had apparently interrupted her while in the operating room, and denied coverage for her patient's treatment. In response to her January 7th video about the experience, Clare Locke, defamation counsel to UNH, sent a six-page demand letter to Dr. Potter, which begins: "We are writing to demand you correct your knowingly false, misleading, and defamatory social media posts regarding UnitedHealthcare." In the second paragraph of the letter, UNH demands that: "You must promptly correct the record by removing your videos, posting a public apology to UnitedHealthcare, and condemning the threats of violence aimed at our client result from your posts." The six-page demand letter can be found here: …man-public.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/2025.01.13+-+T… Before I get into the details, I want to emphasize that regardless of the facts of this situation that there is no justification whatsoever for violence and/or threats of violence against company officers or their legal or other representatives. This is particularly poignant in this case as we all know that the CEO of UnitedHealthcare was murdered in cold blood on the streets of New York, a horrendous tragedy for all involved, and for society at large. I understand the emotions of those who have felt harmed or been harmed by a failure of their insurer to pay for healthcare that was needed. I get it, but violence is not the solution to solving this problem. Getting back to my post about United Healthcare, I said that if I still shorted stocks, I would short UNH because based on Dr. Potter's experience I believed that UNH's "profitability is massively overstated due to its denial of medically necessary procedures." I also encouraged the @SECGov to do a thorough investigation of the company. UNH responded to my post by releasing a public statement that said: "Health insurance has long been subject to significant regulatory oversight and earnings caps. Any claims that health insurers, which typically have low- to mid-single digit margins, can somehow over-earn are grossly uninformed about the structure and strong regulatory oversight of the sector." UNH also stated that it had contacted the SEC because of its concerns with my post. Contemporaneously, a partner at Clare Locke contacted our firm, and said that Dr. Potter's claims were false, and that I should therefore take down my post. I took down the post, not wanting to have an inaccurate post on X. We have used the Clare Locke firm and respect their work, so I took their request seriously. My CLO was also contacted by the general counsel of UNH who told her that the underlying facts in Dr. Potter's posts and videos were false, and that UNH employees were under considerable stress due to the murder of their CEO -- which is understandable to say the least, and for which I greatly empathize. The UNH GC also asked to speak with me directly. When my CLO reported the call to me, I said that before I would agree to speak with the UNH GC, I would like him to provide a detailed explanation of what Dr. Potter had said that was wrong in her videos. Our CLO then contacted the UNH general counsel who said that he would send this information to her, and he took her email address. After days went by and we did not receive anything from UNH, our CLO again reached out to the UNH GC. He explained that he understood that we now had a copy of the Clare Locke demand letter, and that the letter provided all of the information we needed in order to understand what Dr. Potter had gotten wrong. Since my post, I have had the opportunity to speak with Dr. Potter and her counsel numerous times. Dr. Potter and her lawyer have sent me supporting documentation of the statements she made in her video, which I have reviewed carefully and about which I have had the opportunity to ask any questions that I have had. I have also reviewed the defamation claims that UNH made in the letter from Clare Locke. Based on all of the above, I believe that Dr. Potter told the truth in her initial video and in her statements and advocacy since that date. I also believe that UNH's threatening defamation letter to Dr. Potter and its public statements about my post and SEC complaint are simply brazen attempts to silence UNH's critics. Bear in mind that I have extensive experience with companies that attempt to silence and bully their critics. Herbalife and MBIA, in particular, were expert in shutting down criticism and regulatory interest through their aggressive approach to public relations and the media, by threatening and bringing litigation, by asking regulators to investigate market participants who questioned their accounting and business methods, by using their political influence, and by other more unseemly methods. I believe that you can learn a lot about a company by how it responds to its critics. UNH's response here parallels how Herbalife attacked its critics through its public statements, threatened litigation, SEC complaint, and other activities. Let's first examine all of Dr. Potter's statements in her January 7th video that triggered UNH's response here: "It's 2025 and insurance keeps getting worse." This is a statement of opinion by Dr. Potter and free speech permits it. She continued: "I just did two bilateral DIEPs and two bilateral tissue expanders for patients and I've never had this happen before." I believe Dr. Potter is telling the truth, which explains why she was inspired to do a video in the first place, and which I explain further below. She continued: "But during the second DIEP I got a phone call um into the operating room, saying that United Healthcare wanted me to call them about one of the patients who was having surgery today, who's actually asleep having surgery. And um you know said I had to call right now." Dr. Potter is referring to a representative from UNH who called the hospital operating room front desk and asked to speak to Dr. Potter. When the nurse on duty explained that Dr. Potter was unavailable because she was in the OR, the UNH representative explained that he had to speak Dr. Potter right away. This caused the nurse on duty to escalate the message to the head nurse on duty who delivered a sticky note message into the operating room to Dr. Potter. The note said the first name of the UNH representative, included a phone number and the words 'United Healthcare Pt. JL for Dr. Potter.' While UNH denies that its representative insisted on speaking to Dr. Potter right away, the facts on the ground suggest otherwise: First, the UNH representative called the operating room front desk at the hospital, rather than Dr. Potter's office and/or staff or billing department. Second, the nurse on duty believed it was sufficiently urgent that she gave the message to the head nurse on duty. The head nurse in turn also thought it sufficiently urgent that she delivered the message into the operating room. All of the above actions are consistent with Dr. Potter's statements in her video. According to Dr. Potter, the head nurse said that in her 15 years of experience she never had an insurance company seek to speak with a surgeon in the operating room so she assumed it had to be urgent. Dr. Potter continues in the video: “…so I scrubbed out of my case and I called UnitedHealthcare, and the gentleman said he needed some information about her, wanted to know her diagnosis, and whether um whether uh her inpatient stay should be justified. And I was like do you understand that she’s asleep right now and she has breast cancer?” [Dr. Potter of course did not leave the patient alone during the two-minute call. There was another surgeon, nurse, etc. in the operating room.] I believe what Dr. Potter is saying is true. But before we go further, why did Dr. Potter 'scrub out of her case' and call UNH? The answer is that Dr. Potter is an advocate for her breast cancer patients, not just for their health, but also for their financial well being. As we all know, many families have been financially wiped out by their healthcare bills that are not covered by insurance. It's bad enough to have breast cancer and have a double mastectomy, but imagine then being wiped out financially after the surgery. [For context, challenges to insurance coverage for modern breast reconstruction have been increasing. In 2021, CMS (Medicare) announced a coding change that threatened access to modern breast reconstruction techniques. United Healthcare was the first to adopt the change in April 2022. Recognizing the danger to patients and the practice of breast reconstruction through insurance, Dr. Potter started a national effort to reverse the change. She used her own savings to fund this effort. The change was reversed by CMS in August of 2023. I have a lot of respect for activists generally and for Dr. Potter's work on behalf of patients.] Receiving a note to call an insurer mid surgery was a first for Dr. Potter, and she stepped out to call UNH because she was afraid for her patient that UNH was going to deny coverage. She had to believe the call was urgent, otherwise there is no credible reason for her to have scrubbed out and called back the UNH representative on her cell phone. When you read the transcript of Dr. Potter's video remarks or even better when you watch the video, you can hear the emotion and exasperation in her voice, which is of someone frustrated with big insurers and very concerned about her patients. I have also found Dr. Potter to be extremely credible in all of my communications with her. Dr. Potter continues: “And um the gentleman said actually I don’t that’s a different department that would know that information. And I was like well um she does need to stay overnight tonight and um you have all the information with you because I got approval for this surgery, and I need to go back and be with my patient now.” Again, here I believe Dr. Potter when I examine all of the facts and documents that were made available by both parties. UNH was apparently calling to create a record that it had discussed the case with Dr. Potter and to make the case that her patient should not have an inpatient overnight stay in the hospital. I am not an expert in the insurance law here, but this is my understanding. Dr. Potter required the patient to stay overnight because her patient had a lung infection on the morning of the surgery, i.e., histoplasmosis that required a strong anti-viral medication. [Dr. Potter's patient has permitted Dr. Potter to share her medical information.] When the infection was considered along with the surgery, Dr. Potter believed an inpatient overnight stay was required because of concerns she had with potential interactions between the antiviral and post-surgical medications, as well as the stress to the patient from the surgery. That was her judgment as the patient's surgeon, and that is why she placed an order for the overnight stay with UNH before she did the surgery. [If I get any of these details wrong, I am sure Dr. Potter will correct the record.] In the demand letter, UNH accuses Dr. Potter of making an error in ordering an inpatient stay. Dr. Potter disputes this vociferously and as simply gaslighting by UNH. Why was UNH trying to speak to Dr. Potter so urgently? The difference between a one-day, in-patient stay, and the patient being released the same day from surgery was a bill to the insurer of more than $100,000, in this patient's case $110,356, coverage that was denied by UNH. [As a side note, the amount of this inpatient overnight stay is absurd and speaks to the fundamental problems with the system. The $100k plus charge is typically if not always dramatically negotiated down by the insurer, but when the insurer does not pay, the individual can get stuck with the face amount of the bill and without the negotiating leverage of a large insurer. These absurd large invoice amounts remind me of what it is like buying a prescription when you don't have your insurance card and CVS tells you the $25 drug will cost $3,000. This system is broken and fundamentally corrupt, and hopefully @RobertKennedyJr and the @realDonaldTrump and @DOGE will do something about it.] Under Texas law (the surgery took place in Austin, Texas) according to the Clare Locke letter, an insurer apparently has one day to discuss the plan of treatment with the physician before issuing a denial. Therefore, apparently, if UNH didn't reach the doctor before the end of the day, it would not have had as credible an argument to deny coverage. UNH did deny coverage in writing later that same day of the surgery, before the patient even left the hospital. The above explains why I believe UNH's representative was urgently trying to reach Dr. Potter. Dr. Potter finishes the video by saying: “But um yeah, it’s out of control. Insurance is out of control. Uh I have no other words.” The above is a statement of opinion, and based on Dr. Potter's experience here it is entirely accurate. Now, let's examine UNH's statement in response to my initial post, which among other things, said that: “I would not be surprised to find that the company’s profitability is massively overstated due to its denial of medically necessary procedures and patient care.” UNH's statement: "Health insurance has long been subject to significant regulatory oversight and earnings caps. Any claims that health insurers, which typically have low- to mid-single digit margins, can somehow over-earn are grossly uninformed about the structure and strong regulatory oversight of the sector." The statement begins by saying that health insurance is subject to 'strong regulatory oversight' and 'earnings caps.' This statement is meant to give the reader the impression that I must be wrong because regulators are watching the insurers closely, and that earnings are somehow 'capped.' UNH states that I must be 'grossly uninformed' for how can UNH's earnings be overstated if health insurers have low- to mid-single digit margins? While the above statements from UNH are true, they are highly misleading. First, the fact that UNH is subject to strong regulatory oversight does not mean that the company is properly adjudicating claims. As we all know, regulators often fail to do their jobs. In fact, I have personal experience with regulators failing to do their jobs (See MBIA and Herbalife) because regulators can be intimidated by powerful companies and the big law firms that represent them. That is why regulators often shy from going after big targets, and it is only after the problem companies collapse that the regulators step in and punish the people responsible. I can't think of an example where a regulator found fraud at a large company before it collapsed. It is usually the short sellers who find fraud, and the regulators who come in afterwards to clean up the mess. MBIA collapsed six years after we brought our concerns to the company's insurance regulator and the SEC. Herbalife stock collapsed years after the FTC failed to shut the company down. The facts about MBIA and Herbalife were manifestly true when we shared them with the regulators, but still the regulators did not do their jobs. Second, the fact that insurers have low- to mid-single margins is not evidence that they are properly adjudicating claims. Rather, the fact that UNH has low profit margins gives it a huge incentive to minimize the claims that it pays. When a company has low margins, it by definition has high operating leverage. This means that small changes in revenues up or down have a huge impact on bottom line profits. Public company management teams are compensated based on meeting and exceeding profit targets which drive earnings-per-share growth and long-term stock price increases. If management can drive revenues up slightly in a low margin business, profits can explode upwards because of operating leverage. So the fact that an insurer has low margins does not in any way prove or support the fact that its earnings are not overstated, but it clearly creates an incentive to minimize claims paid by an insurer. When you step back and look at this situation, it gives you better perspective on what likely transpired. A surgeon posted a video about her frustration with a healthcare insurer. When she posted it, she did not know it would go viral. When it did go viral, the company responded by having its defamation counsel send a threatening letter accusing the doctor of making "knowingly false, misleading, and defamatory" social media posts, and demanded that she take down the posts, retract her claims, and post a public apology. [UNH did so in my view for two principal reasons: (1) because it wants to minimize negative press and the risk of regulatory inquiries into its business, and (2) it wants to minimize negative press to reduce the risk to its executives in light of recent events, an important and legitimate concern.] In response to a threatening letter from UNH's defamation counsel, the doctor, rather than taking down her posts, makes more posts, and then sits down for an upcoming interview on a major TV show. Why would she double down and expose herself to more legal and career risk unless what she said was true? When a market observer, in this case me, reposts the doctor's video and criticizes the company, the company responds by issuing misleading statements to the public, and contacts the SEC, our principal regulator, in an attempt to intimidate me even though I have publicly stated that we have no investment in UNH long, short or otherwise. When you look at the above facts and watch Dr. Potter's videos, I strongly believe that a jury of Dr. Potter's peers would conclude that she is telling the truth. What is her incentive to make "knowingly false, misleading and defamatory" statements about UNH? She has none. In fact, she has the opposite. She is a breast cancer surgeon with a small, not particularly profitable practice, going up against a publicly trading insurance holding company with a $482 billion market cap, the 16th most valuable U.S. company. She has no incentive to lie and double down and go on network television unless she is telling the truth. Dr. Potter put herself at significant personal and financial risk by going public about her experience with UNH because of her passion for protecting her patients and her frustration with our healthcare system and its insurers. There is no other credible explanation for her video and other social media posts. Now what about UNH? I suspect that the employees and other representatives of UNH that help manage its insurer's claim expenses are given large financial incentives to keep claims payments as low as possible. That would explain the tenacity with which the UNH representative operated when he called the operating room front desk, and the urgency with which he expressed a desire to speak to Dr. Potter. That, in my view, is the only credible explanation for why the front desk nurse gave the message to the head nurse who brought the message into the operating room, and explains what has transpired here. Occam's razor. And according to Dr. Potter, all of the nurses and other witnesses involved have offered to testify on her behalf. With respect to my thoughts on shorting UNH from my first post, I don't recommend shorting stocks, but I wouldn't recommend anyone invest in UNH, certainly at this valuation. Since my post, I have heard many other bad stories about the company's approach to paying claims so I don't think Dr. Potter's experience here is a one off. Based on all of the above, in my opinion, there is likely something systematically wrong with this company. Compare UNH with the other top 20 U.S. companies by market cap. When you do so and you consider each of these companies contributions to humanity, does it cause you to question a bit why UNH is so valuable compared to the others? Yet, another reason, I would argue, why one might question the company's reported profitability and valuation. And UNH's earnings don't appear to in any way be 'capped.' Certainly, the company's shareholders and analysts are not valuing the stock assuming 'capped earnings' for otherwise you could not justify a half of a trillion dollar market cap. With respect to Dr. Potter, I think she is a hero. I have offered to pay her legal expenses, but her lawyer was already handling her case pro bono, such was his confidence in her case and her character. If she needs funding to bring her own defamation case, she knows where to find me. UNH owes Dr. Potter a public apology for defaming her and accusing of her lying. And if I were on the UNH board, I would launch an immediate investigation of the company's approach to paying claims, the incentives it gives the employees and agents who work on its behalf, and the approach it takes in attacking the critics who challenge it. I am sure that Dr. Potter is not the first person to receive a threatening letter from UNH. I look forward to hearing from others on X about their experiences with the company good and bad. In summary, the whole thing smells very bad to me. And yes, the SEC should take a very close look at UNH.

@alexrkonrad @Forbes Congrats on an epic run Alex!

Personal news: today is my last day at @Forbes! I'm leaving to build something new 🔨 I've been lucky to call this place home for the past 12 years, working with the best team and getting to know so many of you. From the Midas List to 18 cover stories, it's never been boring!