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Programmability is crypto’s core unlock and its biggest challenge.
As part of the original DeFi story, programmable keys and signatures let apps borrow-lend, rebalance yield, and manage liquidity on AMMs without needing a human to approve each action.
Since then, crypto apps have continued to pull more control away from humans and gain more autonomy to move money and change state on their own.
But that’s always been a double-edged sword.
As teams pursue programmability, they often end up sacrificing verifiability. The stacks they construct might end up being theoretically secure, but if they become black boxes in the process, then users and builders are stuck trusting rather than verifying.
At that point, the specific components matter less than the ability to prove what the system is actually doing. And without that proof, programmability loses its value and just becomes another attack vector.
This is the gap that Turnkey closes.
At its core, @turnkeyhq does verifiable key management: programmable signing, embedded wallets, and policy enforcement that all run inside Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) on top of their open-source OS for TEEs, QuorumOS.
The whole trusted computing base is externally attestable, which means customers don't have to take Turnkey's word that the right agents and code are running on the right hardware.
With their newest offering, Verifiable Cloud, Turnkey is opening up its verifiable foundations to other builders so they can run their own applications on the same enclave stack. The same attestable environment that currently signs a Polymarket trade can run anything that requires verifiability, like a model eval, a transaction parser, an oracle, an exchange matching engine, or a chain-abstraction cosigner.
All of crypto’s real use cases collapse into the same core bet: software that can hold value and act on it, inside rails that are open, composable, and verifiable, will eat a surprising amount of what currently runs through humans and legacy intermediaries.
That bet only works if the connective tissue exists, and if it gets used. Turnkey is building the part where a signer, a policy, and a piece of verifiable compute can be wired together in an afternoon instead of a quarter, while making sure every step of the chain can be independently checked.
We first came across Turnkey in 2024 while trading on Moonshot. The entire experience, from creating an account to actually using the product, was exactly what you’d expect out of a modern mobile app: smooth, snappy, and seamless. We asked the Moonshot founders about their wallet infrastructure, and they pointed us to Turnkey.
Turnkey’s founders, Bryce Ferguson (@sadbryce) and Jack Kearney (@whojackjones), are Coinbase alumni who have been working together for years. Starting Turnkey was a natural progression for them, and the pair have a uniquely powerful set of technical depth, product chops, and a strong working relationship that’s rare to find.
We're thrilled to back Bryce, Jack, and the formidable team at Turnkey as they elevate programmable infrastructure and continue to bolster New York’s role as a core hub of the onchain economy.
Turnkey 🔑@turnkeyhq
Thrilled to announce a $12.5M strategic investment to meet accelerating demand for crypto wallets and verifiable computing. With participation from @circle_ventures, @archetypevc, and existing investors @BainCapCrypto, @FactionVC, @galaxyhq, @sequoia, and @variantfund.
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