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In December last year, a team of physicists in South Dakota ended a search that had been running for 417 days. They had buried a 10-ton tank of liquid xenon nearly a mile underground. The plan was simple. Wait for a single dark matter particle to drift in and bump into a xenon atom. None ever did. It was just the latest miss in a hunt running for ninety years. Dark matter is the name scientists give to the invisible stuff that holds galaxies together. You, the chair you are sitting on, every star in every galaxy, all of it adds up to about 15% of the matter in the universe. The other 85% is something we have never seen or caught. We only know it is out there because galaxies would fly apart without its pull. When Kaku says dark matter might be gravity leaking from a parallel dimension, he is offering a guess at a problem nobody has solved. He has been offering the same guess since his 1994 book Hyperspace. The math behind it came from two physicists, Lisa Randall and Raman Sundrum, who worked it out in 1999. Imagine a flat sheet of paper sitting on a table. The paper is our universe. Most of the forces of nature stay stuck to the paper. Gravity might be the one that can drift off and travel through the room. If another galaxy is sitting on a separate sheet next to ours, we would feel its gravity without ever seeing it. Most physicists today think dark matter is more boring than that. It is probably a particle, heavy and ghostly, the kind that almost never touches ordinary stuff. The best evidence comes from something called the Bullet Cluster. In 2006, astronomers photographed two enormous groups of galaxies that had recently smashed into each other. The visible hot gas got stuck in the crash zone. The mass kept going. You can map where mass sits by watching how it bends the light of galaxies behind it. The map showed most of the mass sailing right through the wreckage and settling into two clumps on either side. That is how invisible particles would behave. It is very hard to explain if dark matter is just gravity acting weird. The second blow came in 2018. The Hubble Space Telescope found a galaxy called NGC 1052-DF2 with 400 times less dark matter than a galaxy its size should have. If dark matter were just gravity acting strangely, every galaxy would show the same effect. This one does not. Hubble looked again in 2021 to be sure, and the galaxy was still missing its dark matter. So we are stuck. The evidence keeps pointing toward dark matter being a particle. Every detector built to catch one has come up empty. Kaku says it might not be a particle at all, and nobody has a way to prove him right or wrong. Ninety years in, the most accurate answer is also the most boring one. We do not know.

Average houston summer day: 100 degrees and humid enough to swim through the air Does this actually work?

asking people to read ai-generated text is offensive. this is not because ai text is intrinsically bad. rather, the author has not paid a cost to write the text himself. this cost is a credible signal he finds its communication important. so: not paying that cost is telling

This is Dan Bilzerian’s father, remember that when he tries to tell you he’s only 12% j-wish.